臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文利用實驗設計法(Design of Experiment)最佳化全差動超頻CMOS可變增益放大器(Ultra Wideband CMOS Variable Gain Amplifier, VGA)之頻寬與增益。本文放大器之架構為差動耦合二極體負載，且利用電感性負載增加VGA頻寬，卻也會降低VGA最大增益值，其負載受之於多顆電晶體寄生電容（cp）與轉導（gm）與小訊號電阻（ro）與電感性負載影響，因此利用實驗設計法(DOE)來設計此架構的參數值，此方法可有系統的討論電晶體參數與電容對VGA之頻寬與增益的影響，找出最佳化電路設計的參數值。
本文的目標為建構一回應表面法（Response Surface Method），穩健地設計出可實際應用在IC設計上、符合任意規格、具高效率、高整合度的超寬頻CMOS可變增益放大器的設計流程。利用Hspice電路模擬軟體、實驗設計（Design Of Experiment）、基因演算法（Genetic Algorithm）以及加權式組合分析（Weighted Composi te Response analysis）之輔助，決定超寬頻CMOS可變增益放大器架構中電晶體寬度（W）、長度(L)對於頻寬與增益間的取捨。
本計畫使用台灣積體電路公司所提TSMC 0.35um (2p4m)製程設計一超寬頻CMOS可變放大器(Ultra Wideband CMOS Variable Gain Amplifier)。

The project of this thesis takes advantage of Design of Experiment to optimize the fully differential Ultra Wideband Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) . The VGA core utilizes differential pair and diode-connect loads. An active inductive load is employed to increase the bandwidth of VGA, but in the meantime it decreases the voltage gain of VGA. The relationships among various effects of parasitic capacitance (cp), transconductance (gm )and resistance (ro) of each transistor on the active inductive load is too complicated to solve by the traditional method. Therefore, we proposed the Response Surface Method (RSM) with the aid of Design of Experiment (DOE) to model the relationship between the two response variables (the bandwidth and the voltage gain of VGA) and several elated factors (cp, gm, ro), and to determine the combination of levels of these factors that produces the best performance. This methodology yielded another way to investigate the VGA circuit and to make a decision in the trade off between the bandwidth and voltage gain. The Statistical method integrates with Response Surface Method (RSM), Design of Experiment (DOE), Weighted Composite Response analysis (WCR) and the Genetic Algorithm (GA) to design an optimum Ultra Wideband CMOS Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA)

誌謝 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 xi

第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與研究動機 1
1.2 研究動機 3
1.3 章節架構 4
第二章 可變增益放大器設計原理 5
2.1 簡介 5
2.2 應用 10
2.3自動增益控制(Automatic Gain Control，AGC) 13
第三章 可變增益放大器設計與分析 15
3.1 放大器電路概念 15
3.2 共模回授電路(Common Mode Feedback) 18
3.3 虛擬指數型可變增益放大器 20
第四章 超寬頻可變增益放大器架構分析 26
4.1. 可變增益放大器架構（Gain Cell） 29
4.1.1 電感性負載（Active inductive peaking） 31
4.2控制級（Control stage） 33
4.3 輸出共模位準量測電路（CMFB） 36
4.4 低功率電流源 (Current source) 38
4.5 輸出級 (Output stage) 41
4.6電路模擬結果 42
第五章 實驗設計法分析流程 47
5.1 引言 47
5.1.1田口法 48
5.2回應表面法 50
5.3 實驗設計 52
5.3.1 設定因子 53
5.3.2篩選因子 56
5.3.2 建立實驗矩陣 60
5.3.3 建立表面回應模型 64
5.3.4加權式組合反應分析 65
5.4 殘差分析 66
5.5 樣本散佈圖 70
第六章 最佳化設計 71
6.1 基因演算法 71
6.2 基因演算法架構 71
6.2.1 基因編碼 73
6.2.2 適應函數 74
6.2.3 複製 74
6.2.4 交配 75
6.2.5 突變 78
6.2.6 終止搜尋 79
6.3 基因演算法最佳化 79
6.4 結果比較與討論 85
第七章 結論與未來研究方向 104
參考文獻 106

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