臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要藉由拋光技術，將光纖光柵感測端進行單側面及雙側面研磨拋光，拋掉部分的纖殼層，降低光纖整體厚度，以增進光纖光柵的感測靈敏度。利用長週期與短週期光纖光柵對於彎曲曲率與軸向應力有不同的反應特性及靈敏度，基於這些特點可製作各式感測器。
本論文利用光柵寫製及側面研磨拋光技術，製作出不同厚度的長、短週期光纖光柵感測器，用以量測軸向應力與懸臂樑彎曲曲率，光柵長度固定為2 cm，有效拋光長度為2 cm，軸向應力的量測範圍0−124.73 MPa，靈敏度為0.020 nm/ MPa。懸臂樑彎曲曲率量測範圍0−0.066 m-1，靈敏度為16.95 nm/m-1。
論文中更提出一個新的架構，結合長、短週期光纖光柵，可測量到軸向應力、懸臂樑彎曲曲率與彎曲方向的變化，達到量測多個物理參數的便利性 。

To enhance the sensing sensitivity of fiber gratings, we used the side-polished technique to remove parts of cladding to reduce the thickness of fiber. The long-period and short-period fiber gratings have different response characteristics and sensitivities for the bending curvature and axial stress. Therefore, we can manufacture various types of fiber sensors based on the side-polished technique.
In this research, we make long-period and short-period fiber gratings sensing elements with different polishing thicknesses based on fiber gratings writing and side-polished techniques. These sensing elements can be used to measure the axial stress and the cantilever bending curvature. The grating length and the effective polishing length are 2 centimeters. The sensing range and sensitivity are 0−124.73 MPa and 0.020 nm/MPa for axial stress and 0−0.066 m-1 and 16.95 nm/ m-1 for cantilever bending curvature, respectively.
We presented a novel structure combined with long-period and short-period fiber gratings. This sensing structure used for measuring multi-parameters such as axial stress, cantilever’s bending curvature and bending directions.

摘要 II
ABSTRACT III
致謝 IV
目錄 V
圖目錄 IX
表目錄 XV
縮寫對照表 XVI
第一章 緒 論 1
1.1研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3研究方法 3
1.4 文獻回顧 3
1.4.1外力彎曲感測 3
1.4.2應變感測 6
1.4.3曲率感測 9
1.5本文架構 25
第二章 基本原理 26
2.1布拉格光纖光柵 27
2.2長週期光纖光柵 29
2.3側面拋光光纖 32
2.4懸臂樑彎曲原理 34
2.5軸向應力原理 37
2.5.1光彈原理 37
2.5.2軸向應力原理 41
2.6 量測軸向應力與彎曲曲率之原理 42
第三章 實驗架構與感測器的設計 44
3.1引言 44
3.2光柵寫製 44
3.3拋光技術 48
3.3.1側面拋光技術 48
3.3.2雙側面拋光技術 49
3.4彎曲曲率量測之架構 51
3.5軸向應力量測之架構 54
3.6量測軸向應力與懸臂樑彎曲曲率之架構 55
第四章 實驗結果與分析 57
4.1光纖光柵寫製結果 57
4.1.1布拉格光纖光柵寫製結果 57
4.1.2長週期光纖光柵寫製結果 57
4.2光纖光柵側面拋光 58
4.2.1側面拋光結果 58
4.2.2雙側面拋光結果 60
4.3懸臂樑彎曲曲率感測 62
4.3.1側面拋光光纖光柵量測懸臂樑彎曲曲率 63
4.3.2雙側面拋光光纖光柵量測懸臂樑彎曲曲率 66
4.3.3 LPG懸臂樑彎曲曲率的量測 71
4.4軸向應力感測 73
4.5量測軸向應力與懸臂樑彎曲曲率 75
4.5.1軸向應力感測 76
4.5.2懸臂樑彎曲曲率感測 78
4.5.3 量測軸向應力與懸臂樑彎曲曲率並判別彎曲方向 80
第五章 結論 86
5.1 研究成果 86
5.2 未來展望 87
參考文獻 88
作者簡介 94

[1]K.O. Hill and G. Meltz,” Fiber Bragg grating technology fundamentals and overview,” J. Lightwave Technol., Vol. 15, pp.1263-1276, 1997.
[2]A. D. Kersey, M.A. Davis, H. J. Patrick, M. LeBlance, K. P. Koo, C.G. Askins, M. A. Putnam,and E. J. Friebele, “Fiber Grating Sensors,” J. Lightwave Technol., Vol. 15, pp.1442-1463, 1997.
[3]K. O. Hill, Y.Fujii, D.C. Johnson, and B. S. Kawasaki, “Photosensitivity in optical fiber waveguides: Application to reflection filter fabrication,” Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 32, pp. 647-649, 1978.
[4]A. T. Andreev, B. S. Zafirova, and E. I. Karakoleva, “Single-mode fiber polished into the core as a sensor element,” Sensor and Actuators A, vol. 64, pp. 209-212, 1998.
[5]T. McCollum and Garty B. Spector,“Fiber optic micro end sensor for detection of dynamic fluid pressure at gear interfaces,” Rev. Sci. Instrum., Vol. 65, No. 3, pp724-729, 1994.
[6]W.C. Du, “Fiber Bragg Grating Cavity Sensor for Simultaneous Measurement of Strain and Temperature,” IEEE Photon. Tochnol. Lett. Vol. 11, pp. 105-107, 1999.
[7]林家民，”可同時量測溫度壓力之光纖感測器”，逢甲大學碩士論文，2004。
[8]G .Humbert, A.Malt, “Characterization at very high temperature of electric arc-indeuce long-period fiber gratings,” Optics Communications, Vol.208, pp. 329-335, 2002.
[9]X. W. Shu, L. Zhang, I. Bennion, “Sensitivity characteristics of long-period fiber gratings,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol.20, pp. 255-266, 2002.
[10]T. Guo, Q. Zhao, H. Zhang, L. Xue, G. Li, B. Dong, B. Liu, W. Zhang, G. Kai, and X. Dong, “Temperature-Insensitive Fiber Bragg Grating Force Sensor via a Bandwidth Modulation and Optical-Power Detection Technique,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 24, No. 10, pp.3797-3802, 2006.
[11]T. Guo, H. Zhang, B. Liu, G. Li, Q. Zhao, and X. Dong, “Gaussian-Strain-Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating Couple for Temperature-Insensitive and Intensity-Referenced Force Measurement,” IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 7, No. 10, pp.1390-1394, 2007.
[12]S. Baek, Y. Jeong and B. Lee, “Characteristics of short-period blazed fiber Bragg gratings for use as macro-bending sensors,” Applied Optics, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp.631-636, 2002.
[13]T. Allsop, A. Gillooly, V. Mezentsev, T. Earthgrowl-Gould, R. Neal, D. J. Webb, and I. Bennion, “Bending and Orientational Characteristics of Long Period Gratings Written in D-Shaped Optical Fiber,” IEEE. Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol. 53, NO. 1, pp.130-135, 2004.
[14]T. Allsop, R. Neal, D. Giannone, D. J. Webb, D. J. Mapps, and I. Bennion, “Sensing characteristics of a novel two-section long-period grating,” Applied Optics, Vol. 42, No. 19, pp.3766~3771, 2003.
[15]O. Frazão, R. Falate, J. M. Baptista, J. L. Fabris, J. L. Santos, “Optical bend sensor based on a long-period fiber grating monitored by an optical time-domain reflectometer,” 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation. Engineers, Vol. 44, pp.110502-1-3, 2005
[16]T. Allsop , H. Dobb , V. Mezentsev , T. Earthgrowl , A. Gillooly , D.J. Webb , I. Bennion ,“The spectral sensitivity of long period gratings fabricated in elliptical core D-shaped optical fiber,”Optics Communications, Vol.259, pp .537–544, 2006.
[17]R. Falate, O. Frazao, G. Rego, O. V. Ivanov, H. J. Kalinowski, J. L. Fabris and J. L. Santos,“Bending sensitivity dependent on the phase shift imprinted in long-period fibre gratings,” Meas. Sci. Technol.,Vol. 18, pp. 3123–3130, 2007.
[18]D. Zhao, K. Zhou, X. Chen, L. Zhang, I. Bennion, G. Flockhart, W. N MacPherson, J. S Barton and J. D C Jones, “Implementation of vectorial bend sensors using long-period gratings UV-inscribed in special shape fibres,” Meas. Sci. Technol, Vol 15, pp. 1647–1650, 2004.
[19]T. Redogan, “Fiber Grating Spectra,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 15, pp. 1277-1294, 1997.
[20]K. O. Hill and G. Meltz, “Fiber Bragg Grating Technology Fundamentals and Overview,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 15, pp. 1263-1276, 1997.
[21]J. N. Jang, et al, “Novel Temperature Insensitive Long-Period Grating by Using the Refractive Index of the Outer Cladding,” Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Vol.1, pp. 29-31, 2000.
[22]S. M. Tseng and Chin-Lin Chen, “Side-polished fibers,” Applied Optics, Vol.31, pp. 3438-3447 ,1992.
[23]A. Pytel, and J. Kiusalaas, Mechanics of Materials, first edition, Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning, USA, 2003.
[24]X. Shu, Y. Liu, D. Zhao, B. Gwandu, F. Floreani, L. Zhang, and I. Bennion,“Dependence of temperature and strain coefficients on fiber grating type and its application to simultaneous temperature and strain measurement,” Optics Letters, Vol. 27, No. 9,pp.701-703, 2002.
[25]Z. Chen, X. Yang and J. Ng, “Variable optical reflector for simultaneous strain and temperature measurement,” Meas. Sci. Technol., Vol. 18, pp.1866-1872, 2007.
[26]K. Srimannarayana, M. S. Shankar,R. L.N. Sai Prasad, T.K. Krishna Mohan, S. Ramakrishna,G. Srikanth, S. R. Rao, “Fiber Bragg grating and long period grating sensor for simultaneous measurement and discrimination of strain and temperature effects,” Optica Applicata, Vol. 38, No. 3,pp.601-608, 2008.
[27]P, Lu and Q, Chen, “Fiber Bragg grating sensor for simultaneous measurement of flow rate and direction,” Meas. Sci. Technol., Vol. 19, pp. 1-8, 2008.
[28]M. Y. Fu, W. F. Liu, H. J. Sheng, L. Ai, Hsin-Wen Peng, and Chuen-Lin Tien, “Optical characteristics of bending multimode superstructure fiber gratings,” Applied Optics, Vol. 48, No. 25,pp.F1-5, 2009.
[29]T. Allsop, L. Zhang, I. Bennion, “Detection of organic aromatic compounds in paraffin by a long period fiber grating optical sensor with optimized sensitivity,” Optics Communications, vol. 191, pp. 181–190, 2001.
[30]許碩修, “能量調變型光纖光柵感測器在動態系統的實驗量測,” 國立台灣大學碩士論文, 2005.
[31]V. Bhatia, “Applications of long-period gratings to single and multi-parameter sensing,” Opt. Express., vol. 4, no. 11, pp. 457–466, 1999.
[32]C.L. Tien, T. C. Cheng, L.C. Chen, G.R. Lin, W.F. Liu, “Simultaneous measurement of bending curvature and axial stress using D-shaped fiber Bragg gratings,” SPIE, vol. 7508, pp. 75081H-1-5, 2009.