臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文參考2006年美國環保署所發表之臭氧文獻探討報告，收集1995年至2005年之國外文獻，針對不同微環境之臭氧暴露進行討論，主要探討內容包括：臭氧暴露之量化觀念、臭氧暴露採樣方法、臭氧微環境暴露特性探討及影響因子等各項議題。

臭氧暴露主要受到個人活動型態之影響，個人呼吸區附近之污染物濃度與個體呼吸速率皆會對個人臭氧暴露產生影響。個人臭氧暴露評估之採樣方法主要分為主動式與被動式採樣器兩種，主動式採樣是以幫浦抽氣進行採樣，而被動式採樣則是透過擴散作用來進行，而目前較常見的採樣器主要為Ogawa採樣器，或是以Ogawa採樣器相關之化學原理改良之採樣器。

個人臭氧暴露濃度與環境臭氧濃度皆會受到季節性的影響，呈現夏季高於冬季之趨勢，且尖峰濃度在夏季通常出現於午後。而室內濃度則會受到溫濕度、空氣交換率、空調的使用或是房屋特性所影響，除此之外，室內環境中所使用之清潔產品與芳香劑容易與臭氧產生反應，進而影響室內環境之臭氧濃度。個人在不同微環境中所處時間及活動型態也會影響臭氧暴露，人們在室外的活動時間越長，所暴露到之臭氧濃度也就越高。

This thesis adopts the latest ozone literature from US EPA(2006) to investigate ozone exposures in different microenvironments. Basiscally, the current thesis collects the foreign research papers published between 1995 and 2005 to review the following issues, which include: quantification of ozone exposure, sampling method for ozone exposure, characterization of ozone exposure in various microenvironments, factors affect the relationship between ambient concentration and personal exposure to ozone.

Ozone exposures were mainly influenced by individual movements through time and space. Both of the pollutant concentrations measured in the breathing zone and the individual’s breathing rate could affect personal ozone exposures. There are two major approaches for ozone exposure measurement: active amd passive samplings. At present, most of the ozone sampling devices were developed or modified from the principle of the Ogawa sample.

Both of personal ozone exposures and ambient ozone concentrations were varied by season, were higher in summer as compared to those in winter. The peak concentrations usually appear in the afternoon during summertime. Indoor concentrations were influenced by temperature, relative humidity, air exchanging rate, the use of air conditioner, and housing characteristics. In addition, the use of cleaning or aromatic products in indoor environments could easily influence ozone concentrations in the indoor environment. Individuals move through time and space in various microenvironments also could influence personal ozone exposures, where the longer people spent outdoors, the higher personal ozone exposures would be.

目錄
摘要………………………………………………………………… ⅰ
Abstract…………………………………………………………… ⅱ
目錄………………………………………………………………… ⅳ
表目錄……………………………………………………………… ⅴ
圖目錄……………………………………………………………… ⅵ

第一章　前言……………………………………………………… 1
第二章　臭氧暴露之評估方法…………………………………… 3
　2.1 臭氧暴露的量化觀念……………………………………… 3
　2.2 個人暴露採樣器介紹……………………………………… 4
第三章　臭氧暴露特性之探討…………………………………… 9
　3.1 個人暴露…………………………………………………… 9
　3.2 室內外微環境暴露………………………………………… 15
第四章　影響臭氧暴露之因子探討……………………………… 25
　4.1 空調與空氣交換率………………………………………… 25
　4.2 活動型態…………………………………………………… 27
　4.3 長時間的室外工作………………………………………… 29
　4.4 地形與氣候………………………………………………… 30
4.5 緊急情況…………………………………………………… 32
第五章　結論……………………………………………………… 33
參考文獻…………………………………………………………… 35

表目錄
表1. 各式採樣器之比較………………………………………… 40
表2. 春秋兩季臭氧採樣結果之敘述統計……………………… 41
表3. 個人與室內外逐時臭氧濃度……………………………… 41
表4. 冬季個人與室內外逐時臭氧濃度………………………… 42
表5. 夏季個人與室內外逐時臭氧濃度………………………… 42
表6. 個人與室內外臭氧暴露之敘述統計……………………… 43
表7. 個人暴露之季節與性別差異……………………………… 44
表8. 逐時個人臭氧暴露之敘述統計…………………………… 45
表9. 個人與環境濃度之Spearman相關係數 (rs)……………… 46
表10. 個人臭氧暴露濃度………………………………………… 47
表11. 1小時臭氧濃度與溫濕度………………………………… 49
表12. 三種不同通風狀態之室內外臭氧濃度…………………… 50
表13. 教室室內外採樣結果……………………………………… 52
表14. 個案居家室內外採樣結果………………………………… 53
表15. 測站與家戶間距離與臭氧濃度之相關性………………… 53
表16. 室內外採樣結果…………………………………………… 54
表17. 臭氧逐月採樣結果………………………………………… 55
表18. 各測點採樣結果之敘述統計……………………………… 57
表19. 個案之個人與環境臭氧暴露濃度敘述統計……………… 59
表20. 個案之個人與環境逐日臭氧暴露濃度與比率…………… 60
表21. 不同微環境之室內外臭氧濃度…………………………… 61
表22. 春秋兩季各微環境之活動時間…………………………… 65

圖目錄
圖1. 被動式臭氧採樣器………………………………………… 66
圖2. Harvard active ozone sampler (AS)…………………… 67
圖3. Ogawa被動式採樣器………………………………………… 68
圖4. 環境、室內與個人臭氧濃度趨勢圖……………………… 69
圖5. 不同採樣點之每日逐時濃度圖…………………………… 70
圖6. 室內外逐時臭氧濃度圖…………………………………… 71
圖7. 個人與環境濃度變化圖…………………………………… 72

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