臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於網際網路以及寬頻網路的普及，線上影音串流服務愈來愈受到大家的矚目。透過線上串流服務，除了取得影音資料的來源不受限於傳統的傳播媒介(電視、收音機等)之外，使用者更可成為內容提供者，因此有愈來愈多的網站提供影音串流的服務。但是由於使用者的快速增加，傳統的用戶/伺服架構為了要滿足眾多的使用者，需要付出相當大的建置成本。為克服此一問題，衍生出許多點對點影音即時串流(Peer-to-Peer Video Live Streaming)系統。點對點即時串流是目前具有取代性的架構，因為它可以有效的降低媒體來源(Media Source)的負載(Loading)和上傳頻寬需求。然而現有的點對點即時串流系統多半沒有考慮實體層的拓樸架構(Physical Topology)與使用者位址，以至於造成頻寬的浪費以及延遲的增加。這除了會關係到使用者觀看的滿意度之外，更會降低網路服務提供者(ISP: Internet Service Provider)對於此技術的支持與推廣。本篇論文同時考量系統業者與使用者雙方的需求，提出一個參考實體網路架構、使用者位址與貢獻度的即時串流系統架構 。此系統利用貢獻度分群與近距離供應的概念，有效降低延遲，提高使用者滿意度，並節省網路頻寬與伺服器負載，提升系統效益。經由系統模擬發現，此系統將有效降低ISP網路頻寬的花費，同時對於系統具有較高貢獻度的使用者也可獲得較佳的觀賞品質。

The popularization of broadband access and Internet enables Live P2P streaming services. Live P2P streaming not only enriches the approaches and media of broadcasting but also frees the restriction on content providers as any user is able to be a content provider. The high scalability of P2P architecture significantly eases the burden of streaming server and bandwidth. This paper proposes a hybrid live p2p streaming system. A mesh in tree structure, denoted as CDLA, is suggested. CDLA considers both the physical topology and peers’ contributions to build the overlapped structure. According each peer’s contribution and location, CDLA groups peers into different groups to provide differentiated services and reduce delay. Simulation results demonstrate that CDLA significantly improve users’ satisfaction and system performance while end-to-end delay, server loading, and network bandwidth are reduced.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vi
一、緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 1
1.3 論文架構 2
二、文獻探討 3
2.1 樹狀結構 3
2.1.1 單樹 3 2.1.2 多重樹 4
2.2 網狀結構 5
2.3 Hybrid結構 6
2.4 位址感知考量 7
2.5 系統量測與分析 8
三、CDLA系統架構 9
3.1 系統元件及原則概述 10
3.1.1 系統元件 10
3.1.2 建立點對點重疊架構時的重要考量因素 11
3.1.3 原則概述 12
3.2 系統運作 15
3.2.1 節點加入 15
3.2.2 節點離開 17
四、模擬結果與分析 19
4.1 模擬的設定 19
4.1.1 使用者上傳頻寬分佈 19
4.1.2 模擬的假設 20
4.1.3 模擬的流程 20
4.2 模擬結果 21
4.2.1 跨子網的封包數量 21
4.2.2 使用者收到不同完整度資料的比例 22
4.2.3 來源至用戶端的延遲 24
4.2.4 結構維護的成本 27
4.2.5 貢獻度高低的差異 30
4.3 模擬結果的討論 33
4.3.1 CDLA帶來的改善 33
4.3.2 進一步的發現 36
五、結論 38
參考文獻 39

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