電致色變(electrochromism，EC)的應用在近年來已受到廣泛的注意，可以應用在汽車和建築物之視窗玻璃上。電致色變材料可分為有機(organic)及無機(inorganic)兩大類，無機材類如ITO，WO3，等等，它的最大優點在於具有不受環境影響，其中氧化鎢具有高穿透率的差值。
本研究使用溶膠-凝膠法 (Sol-Gel method)合成製備WO3-La多層膜之前驅溶液，並利用旋轉塗佈法製備電致色變薄膜。另外在製程上利用混掺鑭金屬跟改變煅燒溫度及混掺比例,以找出對表面型態、電化學及光學上的變化,進而探討各項參數對氧化鎢薄膜電致色變的影響。
實驗結果發現添掺2 %鑭之鍍膜，在波長為550 nm 時穿透率改變最大，可以達到
58 %。隨著煅燒溫度的提高，造成薄膜的裂縫增多以及光學穿透性能有降低的趨勢，但是可提升薄膜的化學穩定度; 隨著混掺比例提高，造成薄膜的光學穿透性能先增後減。

Electrochromism attract more attentions from the academia and industries in recent years. In commercial, the smart windows utilized in architecture and automobile glazing. Electrochromic materials include two types which are inorganic and organic. Especially for the inorganic type it can endure the environmentally changes, the typical materials are ITO and WO3 , etc. The WO3 is the most investigated inorganic material, cause of its high transmittance difference.

This study is synthesis of tungsten oxide multilayer films(WO3-La)by Sol-Gel method. By changing sintering temperature and molar ratio of W and La to find out the relationships among the surface morphology, the electrochromic and optical behaviors.

Results indicated the WO3 films doped with 2 %La exhibited the optimum electrochromic properties. Surface crack of La-doped WO3 thin films increased with the increasing of sintering temperature, but decreasing the electrochromic properties of WO3. Electrochromic properties of La-doped WO3 thin films increased with increasing dopeing amount of La, but add more than 2 % La, the electrochromic properties of WO3 deteriorate.

總目錄
中文摘要------------------------------------------------------- I
英文摘要------------------------------------------------------ II
致謝--------------------------------------------------------- III
總目錄-------------------------------------------------------- IV
圖目錄-------------------------------------------------------- VI
表目錄-------------------------------------------------------- VIII

第一章 前言--------------------------------------------------- 1
1-1 概述---------------------------------------------------- 1
1-2 研究動機------------------------------------------------- 3
1-2-1 研究方向----------------------------------------------- 3

第二章 基礎理論及文獻回顧
2-1電致色變(Electrochromism)發展及其效應----------------------- 4
2-2電致色變材料種類------------------------------------------- 7
2-3變色機制-------------------------------------------------- 12
2-4電致色變裝置---------------------------------------------- 16
2-5溶膠凝膠法------------------------------------------------ 19
2-5-1溶膠凝膠法的歷史----------------------------------------- 19
2-5-2溶膠凝膠法原理------------------------------------------- 21
2-6材料物性之分析--------------------------------------------- 24
2-6-1 X光繞射(X-Ray Diffraction:XRD) ----------------------- 24
2-6-2電化學反應---------------------------------------------- 25
2-6-3紫外光-可見光譜(UV-VIS spectroscope) -------------------- 27

2-6-4場發掃描式電子顯微鏡(Field Emission Scanning Electron
Microscope,FE-SEM)------------------------------------------ 28

第三章 實驗方法及步驟
3-1實驗藥品及使用儀器----------------------------------------- 29
3-1-1實驗藥品規格-------------------------------------------- 29
3-1-2使用儀器規格-------------------------------------------- 29
3-2實驗步驟------------------------------------------------- 30
3-2-1基板前處理--------------------------------------------- 30
3-2-2製備金屬前驅物步驟-------------------------------------- 31
3-2-3製備金屬氧化物步驟-------------------------------------- 31
3-2-4電解質層之製備----------------------------------------- 33


第四章 結果與討論-------------------------------------------- 34
4-1氧化鎢混掺鑭比例對薄膜特性分析------------------------------ 34
4-2煅燒溫度對薄膜特性分析------------------------------------- 47

第五章 總結------------------------------------------------- 73
參考文獻---------------------------------------------------- 75

圖目錄
圖2-1 四種不同電致色變裝置示意圖------------------------------ 6
圖2-2 電致色變性質具過渡金屬元素------------------------------ 7
圖2-3 可見光光譜圖------------------------------------------- 15
圖2-4 WO3能帶著色示意圖-------------------------------------- 15
圖2-5 電致色變裝置三明治(sandwich)組態------------------------ 16
圖2-6 溼式電致色變裝置--------------------------------------- 18
圖2-7 溶膠凝膠法(sol-gel)之示意圖---------------------------- 22
圖2-8 電化學裝置圖------------------------------------------ 26
圖2-9 太陽光能量光譜圖-------------------------------------- 27
圖3-1 ITO清洗流程------------------------------------------ 30
圖3-2 薄膜製備流程圖---------------------------------------- 32
圖4-1 不同混掺程度經300 °C煅燒後之XRD繞射圖------------------- 36
圖4-2 沉積在ITO上之不同混掺程度氧化鎢薄膜經300 °C煅燒後的CV圖---- 37
圖4-3 不同混掺比例經300 °C煅燒溫度以SEM觀察之薄膜表面型態------- 40
圖4-4 沉積在ITO上之不同混掺程度氧化鎢薄膜經300 °C煅燒後的紫外光-可見光光譜穿透度變化---------------------------------------------------- 43
圖4-5 不同摻雜比例經300 °C、400 °C、500 °C煅燒後之XRD繞射圖---- 49
圖4-6 沉積在ITO上2 %La-doped薄膜經不同煅燒溫度的CV圖----------- 51
圖4-7 沉積在ITO上4 %La-doped薄膜經不同煅燒溫度的CV圖----------- 53
圖4-8 沉積在ITO上6 %La-doped薄膜經不同煅燒溫度的CV圖----------- 55
圖4-9 以SEM觀察經不同煅燒溫度之2 %-doped混掺之氧化鎢
薄膜表面型態------------------------------------------------- 57
圖4-10 以SEM觀察經不同煅燒溫度之4 %-doped混掺之氧化鎢
薄膜表面型態------------------------------------------------- 59
圖4-11 以SEM觀察經不同煅燒溫度之6 %-doped混掺之氧化鎢
薄膜表面型態------------------------------------------------- 61
圖4-12 沉積在ITO上之2 %La-doped薄膜經不同煅燒溫度後的紫外光-可見光光譜穿透度變化-------------------------------------------------------- 63
圖4-13 沉積在ITO上之4 %La-doped薄膜經不同煅燒溫度後的紫外光-可見光光譜穿透度變化-------------------------------------------------------- 65
圖4-14 沉積在ITO上之6 %La-doped薄膜經不同煅燒溫度後的紫外光-可見光光譜穿透度變化-------------------------------------------------------- 67
圖4-15 沉積在ITO上2 %混掺之氧化鎢薄膜經不同煅燒溫度後的CV圖------- 70
圖4-16 電致色變氧化鎢摻雜鑭試片圖------------------------------ 72


表目錄
表2-1 電致色變材料-1--------------------------------------------- 8
表2-2 電致色變材料-2--------------------------------------------- 9
表2-3 Solid or solid-like organic electrolytes for use in ECDs- 10
表2-4 Solid inorganic electrolytes for use in ECDs------------- 11

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