避雷器作為電力設備的過電壓保護裝置，其性能的優劣對電力設備安全運行有著很大影響。然而在長期的系統電壓作用下，金屬氧化物避雷器（又稱氧化鋅避雷器）的碟片會逐漸老化，或由於結構不良而受潮。這將導致避雷器洩漏電流的增加，此時一旦系統中有過電壓產生，將會使避雷器產生熱崩潰，甚至使避雷器爆炸。
本論文針對於上述避雷器所存在的問題提出線上監測避雷器狀態的方法，並應用微處理機技術與GPRS的技術實現了數據的無線遠端傳輸。本監測系統主要包括現場量測單元功能，GPRS傳輸模組部分和遠程監測中心系統管理部分，現場量測單元以dsPIC為核心處理器，對避雷器的洩漏電流進行即時檢測，遠程監測中心採用 ASP.NET和SQL Server技術開發了資料管理系統，現場量測數據經由GPRS模組發送到監測中心資料庫中形成數據報表，監測中心即時對避雷器狀態進行監測並對數據進行查詢分析與發出警訊。本論文最後對所研製雛形經由實驗室模擬訊號測試分析，可驗證其效能與實用性。

A arrester is over voltage protection device for the power equipment, and its performance has great influence on the safe operation of power equipment. But some of Metal-oxide Arresters (abbreviated as MOA) will be deteriorated gradually under operating voltage and some of them will be moistened because of improper structure. Leakage current of the arresters will be introduced increasingly and it will cause thermal run away and then turn to explosion should overvoltage occurs.
To solve the above problem, an online remote monitoring method and system which applies microprocessor and GPRS techniques to implement wireless communication remote data transmission for MOA is proposed in this thesis. Proposed online monitoring system consists of onsite measurement unit, GPRS transmission module, and remote supervisory center. Onsite measurement unit selects dsPIC microprocessor as core processor to measure leakage current of MOA, and remote supervisory center applies both ASP.NET and SQL server database techniques to develop database management system and man machine interface. Onsite measuring data is collected and transmitted to remote supervisory center through GPRS module. Supervisory center also provides functions of online arrester leakage current monitoring, data query and analysis as well as alarm reporting. Finally prototype is tested and analyzed by simulated signal in the laboratory to justify and the performance and practicality.

目錄
中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌謝 iv
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 xi
一、緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 文獻回顧 4
1.3 論文架構 6
二、過電壓種類與避雷器原理 7
2.1 過電壓的類型 7
2.2 外部過電壓 8
2.2.1 直擊雷過電壓 8
2.2.2 感應雷過電壓 9
2.3 內部過電壓 10
2.4 避雷器及工作原理 10
2.5 避雷器之特性 14
2.6氧化鋅避雷器檢測方式 17
2.6.1傳統診斷方法 17
2.6.2洩漏電流診斷方法 18
2.6.3溫度診斷方式 20
三、避雷器無線監測技術設計 22
3.1線上監測系統整體架構 22
3.2.數據擷取單元硬體設計 23
3.2.1洩漏電流擷取設計 24
3.2.2突波計數電路 28
3.2.3 RS-485通訊介面電路 29
3.2.4電源電路 29
3.3數據擷取單元軟體設計 30
3.3.1洩漏電流採集子程序 32
3.3.2突波記錄子程序 34
3.3.3 RS-485通訊子程序 34
3.4 GPRS資料收集器硬體設計 36
3.4.1 GSM/GPRS行動通訊系統之探討 38
3.4.2 GPRS通訊硬體設計 42
3.4.3 LCD顯示模組電路設計 45
3.4.4 RS-485通訊電路設計 46
3.4.5電源電路設計 47
3.5資料收集器軟體設計 48
3.5.1 GPRS無線通訊子程序 49
3.5.2 LCD顯示子程序 51
3.5.3警報簡訊發送子程序 51
3.6 監測電腦Window Form通訊程式設計 53
四、系統測試與分析 55
4.1系統整合測試 55
4.1.1總洩漏電流量測試驗 55
4.1.2突波量測試驗 56
4.1.3 Window Form通訊程式試驗 58
4.1.4手機警報簡訊試驗 59
4.2避雷器資料分析 60
五、結論及未來展望 63
5.1 結論 63
5.2 未來展望 64
參考文獻 66

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