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研究生:陳意文
論文名稱:創新產品的資源拼湊與價值實現之研究:採新資源基礎觀點之定性與定量分析
指導教授:吳思華吳思華引用關係
學位類別:博士
校院名稱:國立政治大學
系所名稱:科技管理研究所
學門:商業及管理學門
學類:其他商業及管理學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2009
畢業學年度:98
語文別:中文
論文頁數:196
中文關鍵詞:新產品開發拼湊新資源基礎觀點價值實現敘事研究
外文關鍵詞:New Product DevelopmentBricolageNew Resource-based ViewValue RealizationNarrative Research
相關次數:
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新產品開發是一個資源組合的過程。創新產品的設計與推出,不僅攸關廠商參與市場競爭的機會,更影響其未來生存發展的空間。在過去相關研究中,較側重於探討市場面的商品效果,強調功能、介面設計,以及樣式美觀等因素,也因此忽略了開發過程中資源取用的「成本」問題。雖有部分研究試圖以資源基礎觀點探討廠商能耐與產品開發績效之間的關係,卻僅圍繞在檢視資源的「組合效率」與「組合效果」,如加速開發流程、提升生產速度,以及提高產品的品質與績效。
然而,創新產品具有「推陳出新」的特質,即強調資源的重組與新組合的實現(Schumpeter, 1912)。不過,關於資源的組合論述,卻過於籠統,並未觸及組合的建構內涵,也甚少探討投入組合的單一素材,其多重應用的可能性,亦即「資源發明」的議題。因此,本研究以人類學家Lévi-Strauss(1966)提出的拼湊(bricolage)概念,探討開發創新商品的資源拼湊與價值實現,以填補資源基礎觀點的不足。
本研究採取質性與量化並行的研究策略。針對創新產品的發展歷程實施以敘述生命故事、回溯創作史為核心的敘事研究,透過先導個案澄清分析架構,爾後進行驗證式個案研究及量化研究,使變數的衡量與關係的驗證,得以在第二階段實施。
研究發現,資源在創新商品的開發活動中扮演關鍵角色,廠商若取用成本較低的一般性資源,不僅有助於降低「資源組合成本」,也較能快速啟動資源重組活動。此外,較為豐厚的資源初始狀態,也可在開發創新商品時,增加重複進行多次實驗的機會,透過不斷地資源重組、摸索元素之間的連結關係,以促進學習效果,並累積「工多藝熟」的能耐,進而堅實組合的結構與秩序。
另一方面,一般性資源通常被視為無用或毫無價值,因此必須能賦予資源新生命,進而與其他元素重新組合,才能創造「無中生有」、超越資源既有價值水準的創新商品。而發現資源多重應用的基礎,即為拼湊能力的建立,代表對資源特質的觀察力、區辨性、重新連結能力、實作以及學習能力。
從理論上而言,本研究探討萌芽階段的創意團隊,藉由拼湊一般性資源而點燃創新能量並實現價值的關鍵因素,不僅擴展資源基礎觀點的適用性,亦開啟「新資源基礎觀點」之理論面向。在實務上,本研究透過系統性地觀察及分析小型創新商品的開發活動,彰顯拼湊能力的重要性。而對於有意願投入或開發創新商品的團隊,本研究亦提供一個資源取用的整體性架構與創意思考的空間。
第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………………………1
第一節 研究背景…………………………………………………………………1
壹、 創新產品開發議題……………………………………………..…………1
貳、 開發創新產品的資源取用特質………………………………..…………2
第二節 研究動機…………………………………………………………………3
壹、 資源基礎觀點的發展………………………………………………………3
貳、 資源基礎觀點的補強………………………………………………………6
第三節 研究觀點的選擇…………………………………………………………9
壹、 「新資源基礎觀點」的提出………………………………………………9
貳、 以拼湊概念探討組合的元素與結構……………………………………..10
第四節 研究目的與問題………………………………………………………..11
第五節 研究範圍………………………………………………………………..11
第六節 研究策略的選擇………………………………………………………..12
壹、 研究方法的取向…………………………………………………………..12
貳、 研究方法…………………………………………………………………..13
第七節 研究流程與論文架構…………………………………………………..14

第二章 文獻探討…………………………………………………………………..16
第一節 拼湊概念的相關研究………………………..……..…………………..16
壹、 拼湊概念的起源與定義…………………………………………………..16
貳、 拼湊概念的特性………………….……………………………………….18
第二節 資源拼湊的相關研究…………………………………………………..20
壹、 資源回溯性……………………………………..…………………………20
貳、 原型拼湊效果……………………………………………………………..24
參、 資源可得性………………………………………………………………..27
肆、 互補資產可得性…………………………………………………………..29
伍、 價值創造…………………………………………………………………..29
第三節 相關研究的整合………………………………………………………..32
壹、 研究命題的推演…………………………………………………………..32
貳、 研究構念的證明…………………………………………………………..37
參、 分析架構…………………………………………………………………..38

第三章 研究方法…………………………………………………………………..39
第一節 多元方法的研究設計…………………………………………………..39
第二節 敘事研究法……………………………………………………………..40
第三節 先導個案………………………………………………………………..41
壹、 案例選取與資料蒐集……………………………………………………..41
貳、 背景說明…………………………………………………………………..42
參、 發展歷程與命題分析……………………………………………………..45
肆、 研究命題的驗證…..………………………………………………………57
第四節 研究架構………………………………………………………………..63

第四章 驗證式個案分析…………………………………………………………..65
第一節 個案的選取與說明……………………………………………………..65
壹、 選取個案的初步說明……………………………………………………..65
貳、 個案的敘事形式…………………………………………………………..66
第二節 實驗性家具(FlexibleLove™)………………………..…..……………..67
壹、 案例選取與資料蒐集……………………………………………………..67
貳、 背景說明…………………………………………………………………..67
參、 發展歷程分析……………………………………………………………..70
肆、 驗證研究假說……..………………………………………………………78
伍、 個案小結…………………………………………………………………..82
第三節 鐵匙!奔……………………………………………..…..……………..83
壹、 案例選取與資料蒐集……………………………………………………..83
貳、 背景說明…………………………………………………………………..84
參、 發展歷程分析……………………………………………………………..85
肆、 驗證研究假說……..………………………………………………………93
伍、 個案小結………………………………………………...………………...97
第四節 22designstudio………………………………………..…..……...……...99
壹、 案例選取與資料蒐集………………………………...…………………...99
貳、 背景說明………………………………………………..…………………99
參、 發展歷程分析…………………………………………...……………….101
肆、 驗證研究假說……..……………………………………..………………112
伍、 個案小結…………………………………………………...…………….117
第五節 跨個案比較……………………………………………..…..……...….118
第六節 研究構念之初步操作化………………………………..…..……...….123

第五章 量化研究…………………………………………………………………127
第一節 研究設計……………………………………………………………... 127
壹、 變數操作化及衡量過程………...……………………………………….127
貳、 研究對象…………………………………...…………………………….131
參、 施測過程………………………...……………………………………….132
肆、 資料分析方法………………………………...………………………….138
第二節 實證分析……………………………………………………………... 138
壹、 工具有效性的評估………………...…………………………………….138
貳、 樣本說明…………………………………...…………………………….140
參、 相關分析…………………………………...…………………………….141
肆、 假說檢驗…………………...…………………………………………….143
伍、 研究結果彙整…………………………...……………………………….157

第六章 綜合討論…………………………………………………………………160
第一節 個案及量化研究結果說明…………………………………………... 160
壹、 「選擇創作素材」與「決定設計方向」的關係………………………160
貳、 「材料尋找」對「選擇創作素材」與「決定設計方向」的影響……161
參、 「學習製作原型」與「決定販售產品」的關係………………..……..161
肆、 「材料尋找」對「學習製作原型」與「決定販售產品」的影響……162
伍、 「推出設計產品」與「銷售狀況」的關係……………………….…...162
陸、 「互補資產可得性」對「推出設計產品」與「銷售狀況」的影響…163
第二節 相關理論及觀點的對話……………………………………………....164
壹、 資源基礎觀點與新產品開發……………………………………………164
貳、 拼湊概念與演化觀點……………………………………………………166

第七章 結論與建議………………………………………………………………168
第一節 研究結論…………………………………………...………………… 168
壹、 「資源」在創新商品的開發活動中扮演關鍵角色……………………168
貳、 資源初始狀態將影響重組效果…………………………………………168
參、 拼湊能力是創造資源多重應用的基礎……………..………………......169
肆、 互補資產應逐漸專屬化…………………………………………………169
第二節 研究貢獻…………………………………………...………………….169
壹、 理論貢獻…………………………………………………………..……..169
貳、 實務意涵…………………………………………………………………171
第三節 研究限制…………………………………………...………………….172
壹、 研究工具的限制…………………………………………………………172
貳、 選擇施測對象的限制……………………………………………………173
參、 資料蒐集的限制………………………………..………………..............173
第四節 後續研究建議……………………………………...………………….174
壹、 資料分析方式……………………………………...…………………….174
貳、 個案資料的蒐集與深化…………………………...…………………….175
參、 價值保護議題……………………………………………………...…….175
肆、 其他價值影響因素……………………………………………………....176
伍、 不同資源類型的案例分析…………………………………………...….176
陸、 更多大型企業的新產品開發分析…………………………..………......177
柒、 沿用原創概念的後續追蹤……………………………………………....177

參考文獻………………………………………………………...………………….178
壹、 中文部分……………………………………………………...………….178
貳、 英文部分………………………………………………………...……….180
參、 網路部分………………………………………………..……….……….190
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