本論文主旨在於分析茱迪．皮考特《姊姊的守護者》一書中，賽柏格(cyborg)、法律合理化生命權力(biopower)的運作、法律和生命倫理(bioethics)的交疊。藉由引用Donna Haraway的賽柏格理論以及Katherine Hayles的後人類理論來分析安娜(Anna)和凱特(Kate)身為後人類賽柏格的情況。由於生命科技的幫助和法律的合理化，生命權力(biopower)介入並影響安娜的醫療決定權(medical emancipation)。從傅柯(Foucault)的觀點來看，生命權力的出現必定會遭遇到反抗，安娜的訴訟揭示了反抗生命權力的力量以及法律和生命倫理之間的拉扯。
在提出法律訴訟之前，安娜的身體和生活已被生命科技和生命權力所介入，而法律的作用在於將生命權力運作合理化。在《姊姊的守護者》一書裡，法律規範所產生的暴力與生命倫理議題不斷相互交織在其中。

This thesis aims to analyze the cyborg figure, the law which reinforces the operation of biopower, and the intertexture of law and bioethics in My Sister’s Keeper. By applying Donna Haraway’s cyborg theory and Katherine Hayles’ posthuman theory, it can be seen that Anna and Kate are cyborgs whose figures best represent posthuman condition. By the aid of biotechnology and rationalization of the law, the exercise of biopower intervenes and influences Anna’s medical emancipation. From Foucault’s perspective, biopower meets resistance. Anna’s lawsuit reveals the resistance against biopower and the bioethics against the law.
Before the lawsuit, Anna’s body and life is intervened by biotechnology and biopower. And the law functions as a tool to rationalize and reinforce the operation of biopower. The manifestation of violence in lawmaking and the emergence of bioethical issues are interwoven in My Sister’s Keeper.

Table of Contents

Introduction………………………………………………………1
Chapter One: Cyborg: The Posthuman Condition 10
Posthumanism 11
The Concepts of Cyborg and Cyborg Babies: Kate and Anna in My Sister’s Keeper 18
Chapter Two: The Relation between Biopower and Law 27
The Manifestation of Violence in Lawmaking 28
Biopower, Law, and Violence 32
The Law: The Tool Rationalizing and Intensifying Biopower 36
The State of Exception: Anna’s Juridical Position 38
Chapter Three: Bioethics: Ethical Choice beyond the Law 43
Biopower VS. Resistance 44
Bioethics 48
Ethical Choice: Anna’s Personal Autonomy 53
Ethics and Law 55
Conclusion 65
Works Cited 68

Works Cited
Agamben, Giorgio. Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life. California: Standford University Press, 1995.
Badiou, Alain. Ethics: An Essay on the Understanding of Evil. London: Verso, 2001.
Beaulieu, Alain and David Gabbard. Michel Foucault and Power Today: International Multidisciplinary Studies in the History of the Present. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2006.
Benjamin, Walter. “Critique of Violence.” Reflections: Essays, Aphorisms, Autobiographical Writing. Ed. Peter Demetz. Trans. Edmund Jephcott. New York: Schocken Books, 1978.
Bowring, Finn. Science, Seeds, and Cyborgs: Biotechnology and the Appropriation of Life. London: Verso, 2003.
Brand, Stewart. “Foreword.” The Millennium Whole Earth Catalog. Ed. Harold Rheingold. San Francisco: Point Foundation, 1994.
Clark, Andy. Natural-Born Cyborgs: Minds, Technologies, and the Future of Human Intelligence. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
Cook, Rebecca J., and Bernard M. Dickens, and Mahmoud F. Fathalla. Reproductive Health and Human Rights: Integrating Medicine, Ethics, and Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2003.
Davis-Floyd, Robbie and Joseph Dumit, eds. Cyborg Babies: From Techno- Sex to Techno-Tots. New York: Routledge, 1998.
Düttmann, Alexander García. Walter Benjamin: Theoretical Questions. Ed. David S. Ferris. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996.
Featherstone, Mike and Roger Burrows, eds. Cyberspace/Cyberbodies/Cyberpunk: Cultures of Technological Embodiment. London: Sage, 1995.
Foucault, Michel. Power. Ed. James D. Faubion. Trans. Robert Hurley and others.
---. Society Must Be Defended: Lectures At The College De France, 1975-76. Ed. Mauro Bertani and Alessandro Fontana. Trans. David Macey. New York: Picador, 2003.
---. The History of Sexuality, Volume I: An Introduction. Trans. Robert Hurley. New York: Random House, 1980.
Frank, Arthur W., and Therese Jones. “Bioethics and the Later Foucault.” Journal of Medical Humanities 24 (2003):179-186.
Freundlieb, Dieter. “Foucault’s Theory of Discourse and Human Agency.” Reassessing Foucault: Power, Medicine and the Body. Ed. Colin Jones and Roy Porter. London: Routledge, 1994.
Gray, Chris Hables. Cyborg Citizen: Politics in the Posthuman Age. New York: Routledge, 2002.
Haney II, William S. Cyberculture, Cyborgs and Science Fiction: Consciousness and the Posthuman. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2006.
Haraway, Donna. “A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century.” Simians, Cyborgs and Women: The Reinvention of Nature. New York: Routledge, 1991.
Hardt, Michael and Antonio Negri. Multitude. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Havard University Press.
Hayles, N. Katherine. How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1999.
Hengehold, Laura. The Body Problematic: Political Imagination in Kant and Foucault. Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2007.
Jackson, Emily. Regulating Reproduction: Law, Technology and Autonomy. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2001.
Jennings, Bruce. “The Liberalism of Life: Bioethics in the Face of Biopower.” Raritan: A Quarterly Review 22. 4 (2003): 132-46.
Johnson, Davi. “‘How Do You Know Unless You Look?’: Brain Imaging, Biopower and Practical Neuroscience.” J Med Humanit 29 (2008): 147-161.
Lazzarato, Maurizio. “From Biopower to Biopolitics.” Tailoring Biotechnologies 2 (2006): 9-20.
Mills, Sara. Michel Foucault. London: Routledge, 2003.
Montag, Warren. Michel Foucault and Power Today: International Multidisciplinary Studies in the History of the Present. Ed. Alain Beaulieu and David Gabbard. Oxford: Lexington Books, 2006.
Ostry, Elaine. “‘Is He Still Human? Are you? ’: Young Adult Science Fiction in the Posthuman Age.’” The Lion and the Unicorn 28 (2004): 222- 246.
Pan, David. “Against Biopolitics: Walter Benjamin, Carl Schmitt, and Giorgio Agamben on Political Sovereignty and Symbolic Order.” The German Quarterly 82. 1 (2009): 42-62.
Picoult, Jodi. My Sister’s Keeper. Lodon: Hodder, 2004.
Rebecca J. Cook, Bernard M. Dickens, and Mahmoud F. Fathalla, eds. Reproductive Health and Human Rights: Integrating Medicine, Ethics, and Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2003.
Shilling, Chris. The Body in Culture, Technology and Society. London: Sage Publications, 2005.
Solomon, Louis M, Rebekka C. Noll, and David S. Mordkoff. “Compelled Organ Donation.” Gender Medicaine 6 (2009): 516-21.
Sutton, Victoria. Law and Biotechnology: Cases and Materials. Durham, N. C.: Carolina Academic Press, 2006.
Toffoletti, Kim. Cyborgs and Barbie Dolls: Feminism, Popular Culture and the Posthuman Body. London: I.B. Tauris, 2007.
Warnock, Mary. “The Limits of Rights-based Discourse.” Freedom and Responsibility in Reproductive Choice. Ed. JR Spencer and Antje du Bois-Pedain. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2006.
Wiener, Norbert. “Cybernetics.” Scientific American 179 (1948): 14-19.