臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於橋梁維護的預算往往有限或不足，故須在有限的經費下擬定橋梁的維護最佳策略，而目前的橋梁維護規劃通常為預測確定性的橋梁構件狀況以及生命週期內維護的成本，並不考慮不確定性的橋梁構件劣化情況以及任何維修和保養，因此本模式考慮橋梁構件劣化率以及維護工法提升之狀況指標值為模糊不確定數值，並在適當的時機以最佳的預算經費分配，研擬適宜的維護策略，使其能發揮應有的機能，維持其提供行車舒適與安全的正常功能。針對最小化生命週期成本與最大化構件的狀況指標值下，本研究提出最佳化橋梁構件維護策略之分析模式。考量在未知的預算金額與橋梁構件可達到在設定的狀況門檻值時，本模式可協助橋梁管理者擬定最小化生命週期成本的維護策略。此外，針對在已知的預算與欲使構件狀況達到最高之目標下，本模式亦可協助橋梁管理者擬定最佳的維護策略。在分析結果有好、中及壞三種情況，提供橋梁管理者在不同的情況下作為維護決策的參考。

As the budget of bridge maintenance is tend to be limited or not enough, it is necessary to work out the optimal bridge maintenance planning. Whereas the current bridge maintenance planning is usually forecasting the conditions of deterministic bridge components and cost within the life circle, which ignores the uncertainty of bridge deteriorating as well as any kind of maintenance. As a result, this model considered the deterioration rates of bridge components and the improvement of maintenance as the fuzzy uncertainty values, and at an appropriate time, allocating at the best budget, developing proper maintenance planning, making all possible functions into play and keep the normal function for driving comfort as well as safety. Aimed at minimize life cycle cost and maximize the values of components status, this research put forward the analysis model of optimal bridge maintenance planning. Considering the amount of unknown budget and bridge components can attain the set threshold value of bridge components, this model can assist bridge managers in studying out the maintenance planning about minimizing life cycle. Moreover, concerning to the known budge and the desire to make components status to achieve the highest goal, this model can also help bridge managers constitute the optical maintenance planning. Among the analysis results, there are three types of cases: good, fair and worse, providing the bridge managers with references about maintenance planning under various circumstances.

摘要.......................................................I
Abstract..................................................II
誌謝.....................................................III
表目錄....................................................VII
圖目錄.....................................................IX
第一章 緒論................................................1
1.1 研究背景與動機..........................................1
1.2 研究目的...............................................5
1.3 研究範圍與限制..........................................5
1.4 研究流程...............................................6
1.5 研究架構...............................................7
第二章 文獻回顧..............................................8
2.1 生命週期導向橋梁維護規劃相關研究............................8
2.1.1 生命週期導向橋梁維護規劃................................8
2.1.2 專案層級橋梁維護規劃最佳化.............................11
2.1.3 路網層級橋梁維護規劃最適化.............................13
2.2 模糊線性規劃相關研究....................................18
2.3 小結.................................................22
第三章 研究方法.............................................25
3.1 橋梁目視檢測方法........................................25
3.2 橋梁生命週期導向之維護...................................28
3.2.1 生命週期成本分析分法..................................29
3.2.2 橋梁構件劣化預測方法..................................31
3.3 整數規劃..............................................33
3.4 模糊數學規劃...........................................36
3.4.1 模糊線性規劃模式......................................37
3.4.1.1 函數對稱型模式.....................................38
3.4.1.2 係數對稱型之模式....................................40
3.4.2 模糊非線性規劃模式....................................40
3.5 Yager模糊排序法.......................................41
第四章 生命週期維護規劃模式...................................43
4.1 模式基本假設...........................................43
4.2 維護工法提升構件狀況指標值說明............................45
4.3 模糊非線性維護規劃模式之建構..............................47
4.4 模式一：單一構件最小化生命週期成本之維護規劃模式..............48
4.5 模式二：預算限制下單一構件最大化狀況指標值之維護規劃模式.......50
4.6 模式三：專案層級最小化生命週期總成本維護規劃模式..............53
4.7 模式四：預算限制下專案層級最大化狀況指標值之維護規劃模式.......56
4.8 模式五：路網層級最小化生命週期總成本維護規劃模式..............59
4.9 模式六：預算限制下路網層級最大化狀況指標值之維護規劃模式.......62
第五章 範例分析與探討........................................66
5.1 範例相關參數說明........................................66
5.2 範例一：單一構件最小化生命週期總成本之維護規劃...............68
5.3 範例二：預算限制下單一構件最大化狀況指標值之維護規劃..........72
5.4 範例三：專案層級最小化生命週期總成本之維護規劃...............76
5.5 範例四：預算限制下專案層級最小化生命週期總成本之維護規劃.......82
5.6 範例五：路網層級最小化生命週期總成本之維護規劃...............88
5.7 範例六：預算限制下路網層級最大化狀況指標值之維護規劃..........96
第六章 結論與建議...........................................105
6.1 結論................................................105
6.2 建議................................................106
參考文獻..................................................107

一、中文文獻
1.台灣地區橋梁管理系統，交通部運輸研究所，(http://bms.iot.gov.tw)。
2.連夷佐，「橋梁維護管理生命週期成本評估模式之研究」，碩士論文，國立中央大學營建管理研究所，2003。
3.李允中、王小璠、蘇木春，模糊理論及其應用，全華科技圖書股份有限公司，2003。
4.李家政，「橋梁維修資訊管理模組架構最適化之研究」，碩士論文，國立中央大學營建管理研究所，2008。
5.粘哲偉，「多資產結構型商品之評價與避險—利用Quasi-Monte Carlo模擬法」，碩士論文，國立政治大學金融研究所，2004。
6.公路總局網站統計年報，(http://www.thb.gov.tw)，民國91年。
7.公共工程資料庫，行政院公共工程委員會，(http://pcces.archnowledge.com/csinew/Default.aspx?FunID=Fun_11)。
8.高速公路局年報，高速公路局，民國91年。
9.高速公路橋梁一般目視檢測手冊，中華民國交通部台灣區國道高速公路局，民國84年12月。
10.黃薰毅，「橋梁構件共同維護模式之建構」，碩士論文，國立雲林科技大學，2007。
11.謝欣宏，「台鐵司機員排班與輪班問題之研究－以基因演算法求解」，碩士論文，國立成功大學交通管理科學研究所，2002。
12.謝宗霖，「橋梁之最佳生命週期維護規劃」，碩士論文，國立成功大學土木工程研究所，2009。
13.許文政，「橋梁生命週期成本評估構件劣化預測模式之研究」，碩士論文，國立中央大學營建管理研究所，2005。
14.許硯舜，「考量風險條件下之橋梁維護策略評選最佳化」，碩士論文，淡江大學土木工程學系，2007。
15.陳威廷，「生命週期導向橋梁評估系統之研究」，碩士論文，國立中央大學營建管理研究所，2004。
16.張浚威，「模糊線性規劃方法之比較分析」，國立台灣大學碩士論文，1999。
17.延允中，「橋梁維護管理機制、成效查核與經費編列探討－以公路總局為例」，碩士論文，國立中央大學營建管理研究所，2004。
18.楊振翰，「台灣地區橋梁維護管理現況與未來發展策略之研究」，碩士論文，國立中央大學營建管理研究所，2005。
19.翁愷翔，「橋梁維修與整建效益評估比較之研究」，碩士論文，國立中央大學營建管理研究所，2009。
20.袁新生，邵大宏，郁時燦，LINGO和Excel在數學建模中的應用，科學出版社，2007。

二、英文文獻
1.“Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Primer., U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration Office of Asset Management, August 2002.
2.Akgul, F. and Frangopol, D. M., “Time-dependent interaction between load and reliability of deteriorating bridges., Journal of Structural Engineering, 26(12), 1751-1765 , 2004.
3.Al-Hajj, A., “Modelling running and maintenance costs for life cycle costing applications in buildings., Durability of Building Materials and Components 8, 1699-1706, 1999.
4.ArIkan, F. and Zulal G., “An application of fuzzy goal programming to a multiobjective project network problem., Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 119(1), 49-58, 2001.
5.Bellman, R.E. and Zadeh, L.A., “Decision Making in a fuzzy environment., Management Science, 17, 141-164, 1970.
6.Bucher, C. and Frangopol, D. M., “Optimization of lifetime maintenance strategies for deteriorating structures considering probabilities of violating safety, condition, and cost thresholds., Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics, 21(1), 1-8, 2006.
7.Cadenas, J.M. and Verdegay, J.L., “Using fuzzy numbers in linear programming., IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern, 27, 1016- 1022, 1997.
8.Chen, S.J. and Hwang, C.L. eds, “Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making., Springer-Verlag, New York, 1992.
9.Hegazy, T. Elbeltagi, E. and El-Behairy, H., “Bridge Deck Management System with Integrated Life-Cycle Cost Optimization., Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1866, 44-50, 2004.
10.Herrera, F. and Verdegay, J.L., “Three models of fuzzy integer linear programming, European Journal of Operational Research, 83(3), 581-593, 1995.
11.Herrera, F. and Verdegay, J.L., “Fuzzy boolean programming problems with fuzzy costs: A general study., Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 81(1), 57-76, 1996.
12.Hitoshi Furuta, K.K., Miki Oi, Hiroyuki Sugimoto, “Life-Cycle Cost Evaluation of Multiple Bridges in Road Network Considering Seismic Risk., Journal of the Transportation Research Board, Special Volume CD 11-S, 343-347, 2005.
13.Hong, T. and Hastak, M., “Evaluation and determination of optimal MR＆R strategies in concrete bridge decks., Automation in Construction, 16(2), 165-175, 2007.
14.Huang, Y.H., Adams, T. M. and Pincheira, J. A., “Analysis of Life-Cycle Maintenance Strategies for Concrete Bridge Decks., ASCE, 1084-0702 , 2004.
15.Jacobs, T.L., “Optimal Long-Term Scheduling of Bridge Deck Replacement and Rehabilitation., J. Transp. Engrg, 118(2), 312-322, 1992.
16.Kong, J.S. and Frangopol, D.M., “Life-Cycle Reliability-Based Maintenance Cost Optimization of Deteriorating Structures with Emphasis on Bridges., Journal of Structural Engineering, 129(6), 818-828, 2003.
17.Lai, Y.J. and Hwang, C.L., “Fuzzy Mathematical Programming-Methods and Applications., Springer-Verlag, New York, 1993.
18.LIANG, T.F., “Project management decisions using fuzzy linear programming., International Journal of Systems Science, 37(15), 1141–1152, 2006.
19.Liu, M. and Frangopol, D. M., “Optimal bridge maintenance planning based on probabilistic performance prediction., Journal of Structural Engineering, 26(7), 991-1002 , 2004.
20.Liu, M. and Frangopol, D. M., “Bridge Annual Maintenance Prioritization under Uncertainty by Multiobjective Combinatorial Optimization., Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 20(5), 343-353, 2005.
21.Liu, M. and Frangopol, D.M., “Time-Dependent Bridge Network Reliability: Novel Approach., Journal of Structural Engineering, 131(2), 329-337, 2005.
22.Liu, M. and Frangopol, D.M., “Multiobjective Maintenance Planning Optimization for Deteriorating Bridges Considering Condition, Safety, and Life-Cycle Cost., Journal of Structural Engineering, 131(5), 833-842, 2005.
23.Liu, M. and Frangopol, D.M., “Optimizing Bridge Network Maintenance Management under Uncertainty with Conflicting Criteria: Life-Cycle Maintenance, Failure, and User Costs., Journal of Structural Engineering, 132(11), 1835-1845, 2006.
24.Morcous, G., “Performance Prediction of Bridge Deck Systems Using Markov Chains., (ASCE), 20(2), 146-155, 2006.
25.Neves, L. C., Frangopol, D. M. and Petcherdchoo., “Probabilistic Lifetime-Oriented Multiobjective Optimization of Bridge Maintenance: Combination of Maintenance Types., ASCE, 132(6),991-1005, 2006.
26.Nootwijk, J. M. N. and Frangopol, D. M., “Two probabilistic life-cycle maintenance models for deteriorating civil infrastructures., Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics, 19(4), 345-359, 2004.
27.Peidro, D., et al., “Fuzzy optimization for supply chain planning under supply, demand and process uncertainties., Fuzzy Sets and Systems, In Press, Corrected Proof, 2009.
28.Petcherdchoo, A., Neves, L. C. and Frangopol, D. M., “Optimizing Lifetime Condition and Reliability of Deteriorating Structures with Emphasis on Bridges., Journal of Structural Engineering, 134(4), 544-552, 2008.
29.Rommelfanger, H., “Fuzzy linear programming and application., European Journal of Operational Research, 92, 512-527, 1996.
30.Sadeghi, M. and Hosseini, H.M., “Energy supply planning in Iran by using fuzzy linear programming approach (regarding uncertainties of investment costs)., Energy Policy, 34, 993–1003, 2006.
31.Shih, L.H., “Cement transportation planning via fuzzy linear programming., Int. J. Production Economics, 58, 277-287, 1999.
32.Tanaka , H. and Asai, K., “Fuzzy linear programming with fuzzy numbers., Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 13, 1-10, 1984.
33.Werners, B., “Interactive multiple objective programming subject to flexible constraints., European Journal of Operational Research, 31, 42-349, 1987.
34.Wu, Y.K., “On the manpower allocation within matrix organization: A fuzzy linear programming approach., European Journal of Operational Research, 183(1), 384-393, 2007.
35.Yager, R.R., “A procedure for ordering fuzzy subsets of the unit interval., Information Sciences, 24, 143-161, 1987.
36.Yang, S.I., Frangopol, D.M. and Neves, L.C., “Service life prediction of structural systems using lifetime functions with emphasis on bridges., Reliability Engineering ＆ System Safety, 86(1), 39-51, 2004.
37.Yang, S.I., Frangopol, D.M. and Neves, L.C., “Optimum maintenance strategy for deteriorating bridge structures based on lifetime functions., Engineering Structures, 28(2), 196-206, 2006.
38.Zayed, T.M., Chang, L.M. and Fricker, J.D. “Life-Cycle Cost Based Maintenance Plan for Steel Bridge Protection Systems., Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 16(2), 55-62, 2002.
39.Zimmermann, H.J., “Description and optimization of fuzzy systems., International Journal of General Systems, 2, 209-215, 1976.