臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

芒草為廣泛分布於亞洲到太平洋的禾本科植物，在台灣，芒草常見於全島以及離島地區，遍布於低海拔至高海拔地區，是生長力極強的植物。近年由於生質能源的議題漸趨熱門，芒屬植物其快速生長、具高生物量及可大量固定二氧化碳的特性使其逐漸受到科學家們的關注。綜合先前利用形態以及近期的分子證據，可將台灣的芒屬植物分為兩個種五節芒（Miscanthus floridulus）和中國芒複合群（Miscanthus sinensis species complex），中國芒複合群包含數個變種，包括白背芒、八丈芒、台灣芒、高山芒等。芒屬植物因其形態特徵的多型性造成分類工作上的困難，現今因為分子技術的發展，分子證據能提供大量的遺傳資訊以供分析，所以利用分子標記重建物種的親緣歷史與檢測族群遺傳結構，已成為最近演化研究之趨勢。本研究利用12組cDNA的微衛星基因座（genic microsatellite loci）對台灣和中國地區共169個芒草樣本進行分析，以探討台灣樣本與中國地區樣本分化情形以及台灣芒草族群之間的族群遺傳結構。結果顯示台灣地區與中國地區的芒草族群間有明顯的分化，中國地區五節芒與台灣地區芒草族群平均FST為0.197，中國地區中國芒與台灣地區芒草族群平均FST為0.152，而在台灣各族群間雖有低到中度的分化，但普遍仍存在基因交流，推測可能與芒草為風媒植物有關，種子輕容易傳播，且開花期互相重疊，再加上人為因素攜帶的交流，造成各族群存在基因交流的情況。

Miscanthus Anderss is widely distributed in Asia and Pacific Islands. In Taiwan, Miscanthus spp. can be seen on the river band, coastal area, agricultural land, foothill, abandoned milling site, and mountainous area from low to high elevation. It' s rapid growth, high biomass and the ability of the carbon oxide fixation has drawn scientist' pay attention because of its potential as a source of bioenergy. Miscanthus spp in Taiwan can be divided into two groups, including Miscanthus floridulus and the species complex of the Miscanthus sinensis, according to the evidence of the morphological characters and previously utilized molecular markers. The M. sinensis species complex contains several variants, such as var. formosanus, var. glaber, var. transmorrisonensis and var. condensatus. Because of its high morphological variation, Miscanthus spp. is difficult to classify. Molecular markers are useful tool for assaying genetics variation, and have greatly facilitated the genetics analysis of plants. The genetic diversity of Miscanthus populations was examined by using length polymorphism of 12 genic microsatellite loci. The results show that the high genetic differentiation between the populations in China and Taiwan. However, there is low level of genetic differentiation between six populations in Taiwan. The possible gene flow occurs between populations since Miscanthus is an anemophilous flower plant, with overlapping flowering time of variants. Human activities may also be another factor causing the gene flow.

中文摘要…………………………………………………………………….…I
Abstract………………………………………………...…………………....…II
誌謝…………………………………………………………………….……..III
目錄………...………………………………………………………………...IV
表目錄………………………………………………………………………....V
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………....VII

一、前言
（一）、芒屬植物的基本介紹與分類地位……………………….…………...1
（二）、族群遺傳學與親緣地理學..............………………….....……………….4
（三）、微衛星基因座…………………………………………………………6
（四）、研究目的………………………………………………………………9
二、材料與方法
（一）、材料……………………………………………………………….……10
（二）、實驗方法……………………………………………………………….10
（三）、資料分析………………………………………………………………17
三、結果
（一）、基因座天擇（selection）......................……………………….…22
（二）、遺傳變異度（genetic variation）分析...…....………………….…….22
（三）、族群之遺傳結構探討………………….......………….……………….23
（四）、族群變動分析..........................................................................................25
四、討論
（一）、遺傳變異度（genetic variation）分析………….....……………………….27
（二）、族群之遺傳結構與族群變動.………………...…………………………..27
五、結論………………………………………………………….......……......... …32
六、參考文獻…………………….......…………..…………………………….33
表…………………………………………………..…………….……………...38
圖…………………………………………………………..…….……………...62

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