臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來，不管在國內外，SNG的運用已經十分普遍，許多重要的新聞事件都是透過SNG率先報導的。由於SNG的即時性、機動性及真實性，也讓SNG成為電視台新聞現場直播的重要技術。在高速無線網路IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX)成為熱門話題與應用的當下，透過這個傳輸的環境可以提供SNG立即性的視訊串流服務，而且WiMAX除了提供充裕的頻寬外，同時也支援網路服務品質保證的相關機制，因此非常適合傳輸多媒體資料。
在本篇論文中，我們針對WiMAX網路之SNG服務開發及其在動態鏈路下之服務品質做評估。首先，針對SNG服務所需的視訊與音訊頻寬需求進行分析，其次基於所得的分析模式，我們將探討頻寬動態變化時對於SNG服務品質的影響，期望能為未來的流量排程技術建立參考模型。所以我們分析WiMAX-based SNG (WSNG)此網路服務型態可能會遭遇的問題。因為WiMAX提供不同傳輸的服務等級，所以我們規劃了WSNG連線適用的服務等級。另外，為了能順利地轉播及切換現場畫面，並可以完整的呈現Full HD視訊流，而且無線通道的不穩定性容易對於資料傳輸品質造成影響，引起封包遺失、傳輸延遲等品質劣化。為此，我們針對頻寬變動與傳輸品質之間的關係加以探討，並且明確得到可滿足所設定的品質參數，包含最大延遲要求與最大遺失率的最小頻寬需求。
所以，本論文不僅分析WSNG系統效能，整理出封包的延遲及遺失率和頻寬減少率之間的關係，還評估上述這些因素會對WSNG的服務品質造成哪些影響。透過數據的分析，未來有關WiMAX排程器或QoS的技術開發可以利用本論文所提供的分析模型及結果，來做為頻寬分配與管理的參考。

In the recent years, Satellite News Gathering (SNG) has been deployed worldwide to offer live broadcasting news services. With the immediacy, mobility and authenticity, SNG, has become an important technique for live news broadcasting. Due to the broadband and wireless characteristics, IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) attracts lot of interests from industrials and academics to develop innovative applications. WiMAX is not only to offer enough bandwidth, but also to support the relevant mechanisms on the quality guarantee of internet service. Consequently, WiMAX has a great potential to serve the applications with high demand on bandwidth and quality.
In the thesis, the architecture of WiMAX-based SNG (WSNG) is explored first. An operational scenario and model are presented to illustrate the details of the proposed WSNG system. There will be multiple heterogeneous connections of voice, video and audio to compose a WSNG service and to support the procedure of SNG operation. Due to various service levels of network connections supported by WiMAX, a Full HD video stream is considered as the main content to be conveyed to home users. However, because of the instability of wireless channels, packet loss, latency and throughput might be affected by wireless link dynamics. Therefore, the evaluation of network quality is another issue in this thesis. We focus on the relationship between the bandwidth variation and the transmission quality. The derived relationship between the variation of link bandwidth and the service quality of WSNG benefits the implementation of WSNG in future.

LIST OF TABLES............................................XI
LIST OF FIGURES..........................................XII
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION.....................................1
1.1 Background and Motivation..............................2
1.2 Issues in the development of WiMAX-based SNG services.15
1.3 Organization of this Thesis...........................21
CHAPTER 2 RELATED WORK....................................22
2.1 WiMAX technology and its applications.................22
2.1.1 MAC layer in WiMAX..................................25
2.1.1.1 Service flow management...........................30
2.1.1.2 Scheduling service classes........................32
2.1.1.3 Bandwidth request mechanisms......................33
2.1.1.4 Bandwidth allocation mechanisms...................36
2.1.1.5 QoS Architecture..................................37
2.1.2 PHY layer in WiMAX..................................40
2.1.2.1 OFDMA frame structure.............................41
2.1.2.2 Subcarrier allocations............................44
2.2 QoS and Packet Scheduling.............................46
2.2.1 QoS limitations of 802.11 MAC.......................47
2.3 Insufficient QoS of WiMAX.............................48
CHAPTER 3 QOS EVALUATION OF SNG SERVICES IN DYNAMIC LINKS OF WIMAX NETWORKS.........................................51
3.1 Operational scenario of WiMAX-based SNG service(WSNG).51
3.1.1 Scenarios of WiMAX-based SNG service(WSNG)..........51
3.1.2 Bandwidth and Media assignment plan of WSNG.........57
3.1.3 Quality issues of WSNG..............................60
3.2 Operational Modeling of SNG Services in WiMAX Networks..................................................64
CHAPTER 4 QUALITY EVALUATION OF SNG SERVICES IN WIMAX NETWORKS..................................................73
4.1 Delay analysis with the insufficient bandwidth condition.................................................73
4.2 Loss analysis with the insufficient bandwidth condition.................................................85
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION......................................94
REFERENCE.................................................96

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中文文獻
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