本研究旨在探討國內外戶外冒險教育組織風險管理之實務內容，並比較其異同處，最後再根據本研究之結論與討論，對戶外冒險教育組織風險管理之發展及未來研究方向提出建議。本研究採用質性研究取向，第一步首先採用內容分析法來探討國外戶外冒險教育組織風險管理之實務；接著以深度訪談法針對七個研究對象進行跨個案分析，輔以各組織書面資料的收集，暸解國內戶外冒險教育組織風險管理的實際情況；最後利用比較研究法進行國內外戶外冒險教育組織風險管理實務上的異同。
研究結果發現，可以從課程前的準備、課程相關規定、緊急情況處理與留守和風險管理檢視與審核這四個部份來建構組織的風險管理。
一、課程前的準備：組織及工作人員適當準備、詳細的參與者通知是參與課程前重要的一環。
二、課程相關規定：課程中的安全、藥物、酒精、性關係、裝備、醫療、食物、飲用水、衛生、交通運輸都要有適當的相關規定。
三、緊急情況處理與留守：良好的緊急情況處理系統、撤離系統、留守協調系統及事件後的處理與記錄是很重要的。
四、風險管理檢視與審核：風險管理的監督、風險管理委員會與風險管理的審核是風險管理不斷進步的要素。

This study aimed to explore the practices of risk management in both domestic and international outdoor adventure education programs by comparing the differences and similarities in between. In the end, the author made some suggestions on the development of risk management of outdoor adventure education programs and pointed out some possible topics for future research. This study used qualitative approach. First, the author used content analysis to discuss the practices of risk management in both domestic and international outdoor adventure education programs. In the following, seven depth interviews and cross case analysis were conducted with the supplement of data collecting from those outdoor adventure education programs to figure out the reality of their risk management practices. Finally, the comparative method was used to analyze the similarities and differences in the practices of risk management in both domestic and international outdoor adventure education programs.
This study found that the organization's risk management could be constructed by pre-course preparation, relevant regulations, emergency management and the review of risk management.
1. Pre-course preparation: Well preparation and a detailed notification for participants is an important part before the program.
2. The relevant regulations: the safety, drugs, alcohol, sexual relations, equipment, medical, food, drinking water, sanitation, transportation must be listed in the appropriate relevant regulations.
3. Emergency management: It is important to have a well emergency management system, evacuation system, staying and coordination system, post process and logs.
4. The review of risk management: Risk management oversight, risk management committee, and risk management audit are key elements of a successful risk management.

目 錄

第一章 緒論

第一節 研究背景------------------------------------------1
第二節 研究動機------------------------------------------3
第三節 研究目的------------------------------------------4
第四節 研究問題------------------------------------------5
第五節 名詞解釋------------------------------------------5

第二章 文獻探討

第一節 風險、危險與意外事件-------------------------------7
第二節 風險在戶外冒險教育中的角色--------------------------19
第三節 風險管理------------------------------------------22
第四節 戶外冒險教育風險及風險管理相關研究-------------------31
第五節 美國戶外冒險教育組織風險管理實務---------------------45
第六節 戶外冒險教育組織風險管理實務架構---------------------89

第三章 研究歷程

第一節 質性研究方法--------------------------------------91
第二節 研究對象-----------------------------------------92
第三節 研究工具-----------------------------------------95
第四節 資料處理與分析------------------------------------97
第四章 分析與討論

第一節 美國戶外冒險教育組織風險管理實務整理----------------101
第二節 國內戶外冒險教育組織風險管理實務整理----------------111
第三節 國內外戶外冒險教育組織風險管理實務比較--------------160
第四節 戶外冒險教育組織風險管理架構-----------------------164

第五章 結論與建議

第一節 結論------------------------------------------173
第二節 研究限制--------------------------------------177
第三節 建議------------------------------------------178

參考文獻-----------------------------------------------179

附錄
一 訪談大綱--------------------------------------------188
二 訪談同意書------------------------------------------190

表 目 錄

表 2-1 風險評估與管理矩陣表-----------------------------29
表 3-1 研究受訪者與組織基本資料表------------------------93
表 4-1 課程前準備比較表---------------------------------160
表 4-2 課程相關規定比較表-------------------------------161
表 4-3 緊急情況處理比較表-------------------------------163
表 4-4 風險管理檢視比較表-------------------------------164


圖 目 錄

圖 2-1 骨牌理論圖--------------------------------------12
圖 2-2 意外方程式圖------------------------------------17
圖 2-3 風險、危險與意外事件關係圖------------------------18
圖 2-4 冒險體驗模式圖----------------------------------20
圖 2-5 錯誤知覺圖--------------------------------------21
圖 2-6 Adventure-REACT模式圖--------------------------27

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