臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

航運市場的改變，使得港務當局面臨新的挑戰和機會。船舶的大型化及航運公司透過聯盟而產生更大的協商權力和市場佔有率，均會增強港埠間的競爭，尤其是區域內港埠間的競爭。為了因應這種持續增長的競爭環境和強化區域內港埠的整體競爭力，鄰近港埠間的合作或是港埠間的整合逐漸形成。有鑑於港埠間的不必要競爭不僅將造成資源的浪費也不利於經濟的發展，因此，如何透過合作以整合港埠資源，以增強整體港埠競爭力是一項非常重要的課題。
　　本文主要的研究目的是在了解我國港埠與亞洲地區各主要港埠間之關係，以及探討合作和競爭對區域內整體港埠競爭力之影響，並將上述結果應用於我國未來的港埠發展與規劃。本文主要研究內容分為兩大部分，第一部分係依據港埠裝卸量的歷史資料應用時間序列分析方法探討我國與亞洲主要港埠間之關係。第二部份則是經由結構方程模式之建構探討區域內港埠合作及競爭力的影響因素、港埠間的合作(即互補合作、競爭中合作)和整合以及區域內整體港埠競爭力之間的關係。
研究結果顯示我國三港及其與亞洲地區港埠存在長期均衡及短期關係。透過一般化衝擊反應函數和預測誤差變易分解顯示相對於亞洲地區其他港埠，大陸地區之港埠對我國港埠有較大的影響，尤其是對基隆港和臺中港，且大多數的大陸港埠貨櫃量發生變化時，對我國多為負向影響。至於合作和整合影響之分析結果則顯示透過互補合作、競爭中合作和整合對區域內整體港埠競爭力均會有正向的影響。

Significant changes in the shipping market cause port authorities facing the new challenges and opportunities. Increasing ship size, greater negotiating power and greater market share of shipping companies through alliances may heighten competitions among ports, regional ports especially. In order to cope with the ever-increasing competitive environment and enhance the overall competitiveness of ports in a region, cooperation between adjacent container ports as well as integration of regional ports is emerging. In view of competition between adjacent ports in a region, or in a country with small area like Taiwan sometimes leads to a waste of resources and could be detrimental to the economy, it is very important to integrate adjacent ports through inter-port cooperation to enhance the overall competitiveness of all ports in same region and country.
The main purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between Taiwan ports and others main ports in Asia and the influence of cooperation and competition on the overall competitiveness of ports in a region. These results would further be applied to the planning and development of the major container ports in Taiwan. The first part of this study explores the relationships among major Asia ports based on the historical port throughput data by using a set of time series analysis methods. The second part explores causal relationships between influential factors of ports cooperation and competitiveness, types of port cooperation (i.e. complementary cooperation and coopetition), integration of ports, and the overall competitiveness of ports in a region, by using methods such as factor analysis, SEM etc..
The findings indicate that there were long-term equilibrium relationship and short-term relationships existed among three container ports in Taiwan as well as with Asian ports. Through generalized impulse response function and forecast error variance decomposition, it showed that ports in Mainland China had more influence than other ports on Taiwan ports, Keelung and Taichung ports especially. Moreover, most ports of Mainland China were negatively influence on Taiwan. As to the effects of cooperation and integration, it reveals that complementary cooperation, coopetition and integration of ports all would positively influence the overall competitiveness of ports in a region.

中文摘要.................................................................................................................. I
英文摘要................................................................................................................. II
誌謝........................................................................................................................IV
圖目錄.................................................................................................................. VII
表目錄.................................................................................................................VIII
第一章 緒論................................................................................................................1
1.1 研究背景與動機...............................................................................................1
1.2 研究問題與目的................................................................................................2
1.3 研究範圍與對象................................................................................................3
1.4 研究項目與內容................................................................................................3
1.5 研究流程與方法................................................................................................4
第二章 文獻回顧....................................................................................6
2.1 港埠營運結構與發展趨勢之變革...................................................................6
2.1.1 港埠營運結構的變革...........................................................................6
2.1.2 港埠營運功能之演進與發展..............................................................8
2.1.3 港埠營運多元化發展之趨勢與案例..................................................9
2.2 區域內港埠間之競爭......................................................................................10
2.2.1 區域內港埠間競爭的優點.................................................................11
2.2.2 區域內港埠間競爭的缺點.................................................................11
2.3 區域內港埠間之合作......................................................................................11
2.3.1 區域內港埠間合作之優點.................................................................12
2.3.2 區域內港埠間合作之缺點.................................................................13
2.3.3 區域內港埠間合作之實際案例.........................................................13
2.3.4 區域內港埠間合作之形式.................................................................14
2.3.5 區域內港埠之整合.............................................................................16
2.4 影響區域內港埠合作及競爭力之因素........................................................17
2.4.1 環境因素............................................................................................17
2.4.2 其他市場參與者................................................................................18
2.5 時間序列之應用.............................................................................................19
2.6 結構方程模式之應用.....................................................................................21
2.7 本章小結.........................................................................................................22
第三章 我國與亞洲地區主要港埠營運現況之分析.........................................23
3.1 我國與亞洲地區港埠發展概況....................................................................23
3.2 我國與亞洲主要港埠使用者與設施之分析................................................26
3.3 我國與亞洲地區貨櫃市場之比較................................................................32
第四章 我國與亞洲地區主要貨櫃港埠關係之分析.........................................34
4.1 研究方法.........................................................................................................34
4.1.1 單根檢定............................................................................................34
4.1.2 落後期數的選擇.................................................................................36
4.1.3 Johansen共整合檢定(Johansen’s Cointegration test) ........................36
4.1.4 ㄧ般化衝擊反應函數........................................................................37
4.1.5 ㄧ般化預測誤差變異分解................................................................39
4.2 我國三港及其與亞洲地區港埠間之關係分析.............................................40
4.2.1 單根檢定之結果.................................................................................40
4.2.2 共整合檢定之結果............................................................................41
4.2.3 一般化衝擊反應函數分析之結果....................................................43
4.2.4 一般化預測誤差變異數分解分析之結果........................................47
4.3 本章小結.........................................................................................................48
第五章 港際合作/整合之影響分析....................................................................50
5.1 問卷設計與調查..............................................................................................50
5.2 探索性因素分析.............................................................................................50
5.3 研究架構與研究假設.....................................................................................52
5.4 結構方程模式之應用與結果.........................................................................54
5.4.1 信度與效度分析................................................................................54
5.4.2 結構模式之評估.................................................................................56
5.5 區域內港埠合作之可能項目........................................................................60
5.6 本章小結.........................................................................................................68
第六章 我國貨櫃港埠之整體發展策略.............................................................69
6.1 我國各港發展之策略規劃............................................................................69
6.1.1 我國各港營運現況.............................................................................69
6.1.2 我國各港未來貨櫃碼頭使用狀況分析.............................................71
6.1.3 我國各港發展定位及未來發展策略.................................................73
6.1.4 我國各港埠發展所面臨的問題........................................................79
6.1.5 我國港埠未來之合作策略................................................................80
6.2 我國目前港埠營運體制之評估.....................................................................81
6.3 本章小結.........................................................................................................88
第七章 結論與建議..............................................................................................89
7.1 結論.................................................................................................................89
7.2 建議.................................................................................................................92
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………..…94
作者簡歷………………………………………………………………………101

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