臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

目前常見的無線感測網路，多採用單一維度且無即時串流型態的感測器，如
溫度、溼度或是煙霧等。聲音感測則呈現高度即時性的資料串流特性，當其在無
線網路傳輸時通常需要低延遲的傳輸性能。本研究即針對聲音偵測、訊號處理以
及無線聲音傳輸的應用，設計一個低功耗的無線聲音感測網路。
我們參考IEEE 802.15.4 與Zigbee 協定，針對無線聲音傳輸特性，設計一個
無線聲音感測網路MAC 層協定，以提供精簡且高效率的通訊；我們規畫了一個
無線聲音傳輸的封包結構，並提出新的無線聲音同步方法，以改善無線訊號傳輸
過程封包遺失所造成的聲音不連續性。最後我們設計一組電源管理策略，可以有
效達到節能的目標。
我們在ARM Cortex M3 嵌入式微處理器平台上實作了此一無線聲音感測網
路並進行系統整合驗證。實驗結果顯示，我們所設計的系統對於聲音的延遲與同
步特性有著優異的特性；相對於傳統的無線資料傳輸，我們所使用的封包精簡約
50%，因此可以減少傳輸次數，提高效能，同時也節省耗電量。

At present, common wireless sensing network(WSN), most are based on a single
dimension and non real-time streaming types of sensors, such as temperature,
humidity, or Smoke etc. Sound sensing presents the highly instantaneity of real time
data streaming characteristic. When it in wireless networks usually require low
latency transmission performance. This research focuses on sound detection, signal
processing and wireless sound transmission of the application, and design a low
power wireless sound sensor network
We refer to the IEEE 802.15.4 and Zigbee protocol, features for wireless sound
transmission, and design a wireless sound sensor network MAC layer protocol to
provide a streamlined and high efficient communication. We have planned a wireless
sound transmission packet structure, and propose a new s wireless sound
synchronization method, to improve the wireless signal transmission voice packet loss
caused by the discontinuity. Finally, we design a power management strategy can
effectively achieve the energy conservation.
We implemented wireless sound sensor network and system integration
verification with the ARM Cortex M3 embedded microprocessor platform.
Experimental result shows, We designed the system for the sound delay and
synchronization with superiority features, Compared with traditional wireless data
transmission, we reduced about 50% packet size, therefore transmission times can be
reduced, enhances the efficiency and saving the power consumption.

摘要............................................................................................................................ II
Abstract ........................................................................................................................ III
致謝.............................................................................................................................IV
圖目錄....................................................................................................................... VII
表目錄.........................................................................................................................IX
第一章、緒論...............................................................................................................1
1.1 研究動機.........................................................................................................1
第二章、無線感測網路...............................................................................................4
2.1 IEEE 802.15.4 通訊協定與Zigbee.................................................................5
2.2 資料傳輸模型與MAC 層..............................................................................7
2.2.1 IEEE 802.15.4 的SuperFrame 架構....................................................7
2.2.2 資料傳輸模型.......................................................................................8
2.2.3 媒體存取層(MAC Layer)架構.........................................................10
2.3 IEEE 802.15.4 網路拓樸形態.......................................................................13
2.3.1 IEEE 802.15.4 的網路層的拓樸型態................................................13
2.3.2 IEEE 802.15.4 的網路路由...............................................................14
2.5 無線感測網路相關設計考量........................................................................17
第三章、MAC 層設計與架構...................................................................................19
3.1 通訊協定設計................................................................................................19
3.1.2 裝置刪除、查詢、修改與超級節點.................................................27
3.1.3 TDMA with Timeslot 設計................................................................34
3.2 路由設計........................................................................................................37
3.2.1 路由表................................................................................................38
3.3 電源管理：....................................................................................................39
3.3.1 STM32 電源管理...............................................................................39
3.3.2 RF 模組電源管理...............................................................................43
3.3.3 其他外接模組電源管理....................................................................44
第四章、嵌入式系統實作.........................................................................................45
4.1 硬體平台........................................................................................................45
4.1.2 RF 模組與其他感測器元件...............................................................46
4.2 WSSN 嵌入式軟體設計...............................................................................47
4.3 聲音擷取與儲存模組設計............................................................................49
4.4 無線聲音傳輸與同步模組設計....................................................................55
4.5 WSSN 封包規劃與設計...............................................................................58
4.6 實驗與效能分析............................................................................................63
4.7 小結與討論...................................................................................................64
第五章結論與未來方向...........................................................................................66
5.1 結論...............................................................................................................66
5.2 未來方向........................................................................................................67
參考文獻.....................................................................................................................68

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