臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文探討年輕個體的心肺耐力面對壓力時心率變異的反應的相關性。受試者18-24歲一般健康的大學學生共86位，平均年齡20.3 ± 1.9歲。每位受試者於早上的時間，在安靜不受干擾的實驗室中，分別進行五分鐘休息、冷壓力刺激與心理壓力刺激，過程中紀錄每一心率間期數值以進行心率變異的分析。冷壓力刺激為受試者將左手浸入7℃的冰水中3分鐘與室溫下2分鐘心理壓力則利用進行叫色測驗(Stroop Task)作為刺激來源。心肺耐力則以三分鐘登階測驗進行評估。研究數據以描述性統計、二因子變異數分析及無母數相關進行分析。分析結果顯示，第一，男性與女性受試者的心肺功能與心率變異有差異，心肺功能男性優於女性(男性64.68 ± 9.74；女性57.27 ± 9.52，p < 0.01)。休息狀態下，男性心率較女性低(男性64.13±10.27次/分；70.25±9.41次/分，p < 0.01)。第二，低頻功率百分比(LF %)、低頻功率/高頻功率比值(LF/HF)與心跳率在冷及心理兩種壓力刺激時皆顯著上升，而HF %和相鄰正常心跳間期差值超過50 毫秒的百分比(PNN50)在兩種壓力刺激時時則顯著下降。冷壓力刺激時，男性PNN50數值顯著高於女性(男性19.41±15.17；女性12.63±13.29，p < 0.05)。第三，在冷壓力與心理壓力刺激下，心肺耐力和心率呈負相關，相關係數r分別為-0.465及-0.451 (p值皆< 0.01)，心肺耐力和LF、HF、PNN50、心跳間期標準差(SDNN)及相鄰正常心跳間期差值平方和均方根(RMSSD)等呈正相關，冷壓力下相關係數r分別為0.432、0.367、0.405、0.505、0.439 (p值皆< 0.01)，心理壓力下相關係數r分別為0.353、0.375、0.371、0.427、0.370 (p值皆< 0.01)。本研究結果顯示，在面對冷壓力及心理壓力刺激時，心肺耐力較好的個體其心跳率較低，反映副交感神經活性相關心率變異的數值如HF、PNN50、SDNN及RMSSD等則較高，顯示心肺功能越好的人在面對壓力時，經由自主神經所引起的壓力反應較小。

This study aimed to discern the stress responses of individuals with different cardiorespiratory fitness. Eighty-six healthy college students, aged 20.3 ± 1.9 years old, were recruited in this study. Each of them attended the laboratory on morning of separate days and subjected to take cold pressor test (CPT), Stroop test for eliciting psychological stress, and rest for control, respectively. 5 minutes of heart rate data were recorded at each time and the variability of heart rate were analyzed by a software. After all test, participants took 3-minute step test to evaluate the cardiorespiratory fitness. An index was then calculated according to the heart rate at the 4th, 5th, and 6th minute with higher index indicating better fitness. The data compared with descriptive statistics, two-way ANOVA and non-parametric statistics. The results show that firstly, cardiorespiratory fitness and heart rate variability were significantly different between males and females. Cardiorespiratory fitness of males is better than of females (64.68 ± 9.74 vs.57.27 ± 9.52, p &lt; 0.01), and males have lower heart rate in resting condition (64.13 ± 10.27 vs. 70.25±9.41, p &lt; 0.01). During cold pressor test, the PNN50 (the number of adjacent R-R intervals differing more than 50ms expressed as a percentage of all intervals) of males is higher than females (19.41±15.17 vs. 12.63±13.29, p &lt; 0.05). Secondly, LF % (power of low frequency in normalized units), LH/HF (Ratio LF power/HF power) and heart rate increased significantly in both stress stimuli, but HF % (power of high frequency in normalized units) and PNN50 decreased in both conditions. Lastly, the cardiorespiratory fitness is negatively correlated with the heart rate during stresses. The r values are -0.465 (p &lt; 0.01) during CPT and -0.451 (p &lt; 0.01) during psychological stress. On ther other hand, the cardiorespiratory fitness is positively correlated with the LF, HF, SDNN (the standard deviation of the R-R intervals), RMSSD (the root mean square successive difference) and PNN50 during stresses, the r values are 0.432, 0.367, 0.405, 0.505, 0.439 (p &lt; 0.01) during CPT, and are 0.353, 0.375, 0.371, 0.427, 0.370 (p &lt; 0.01) during psychological stress. The results reveal that in response to cold stimuli and psychological stress, individuals with higher cardiorespiratory fitness raise their heart rate less than with lower cardiorespiratory fitness, and the HRV values that reflected the parasympathetic activity, such as HF, PNN50, SDNN, and RMSSD, are lower. It is concluded that stress response elicited by the autonomic activity is lower in individuals with better cardiorespiratory fitness.

目錄
目錄....................I
表目錄.............................IV
圖目錄..............................V


第壹章 緒論................1
第一節 問題背景與動機.....1
第二節 研究目的..........3
第三節 研究問題............3
第四節 研究假設............4
第五節 研究範圍與限制....5
第六節 名詞操作性定義....6
第貳章 文獻探討.......................7
第一節 引起壓力的生心理刺激..............7
第二節 壓力的生理反應.....................9
第三節 自主神經系統與心律變異率.................11
第四節 壓力反應與自主神經系統..........................14
第五節 心肺耐力與自主神經系統......................17

第參章 研究方法....................19
第一節 研究架構..........20
第二節 研究對象...........21
第三節 研究流程...........21
第四節 研究工具..........23
第五節 研究步驟..........27
第六節 資料處理與分析........34
第肆章 研究結果..................36
第一節 受試者基本資料........ ..........37
第二節 性別與壓力刺激對心率變異差異的比較..................38
第三節 心肺耐力與壓力反應之相關性...... ...........43
第伍章 討論.......... ...............62
第一節 性別、壓力與心率變異之關係.....................62
第二節 心肺耐力與心率變異之關係....... ...............66
第三節 心肺耐力與壓力刺激之相關性............. .........70
第陸章 結論與建議..... .........73
第一節 結論......... .......73
第二節 建議....... .........74
中文文獻....... ...........76
英文文獻......... .........77
附錄一........... ............83
附錄二............... .......84
表目錄
表2-3-1 常用的心率變異測量指標及其生理意義........12
表3-5-1 臺閩地區18-25 歲三分鐘登階心肺耐指數百分等級常模....33
表4-1-1 受試者基本資料表...................37
表4-2-1 (1) 性別間對壓力刺激反應心率變異差異的比較.....40
表4-2-1 (2) 壓力刺激對心率變異差異的比較...........41
表4-3-1 休息狀態下，心肺耐力與心率變異率的相關........43
表4-3-2 休息狀態下，女生心肺耐力與心率變異率的相關......45
表4-3-3 休息狀態下，男生心肺耐力與心率變異率的相關.......47
表4-3-4 冷壓力刺激下，心肺耐力與心率變異率的相關........49
表4-3-5 冷壓力刺激下，女生心肺耐力與心率變異率的相關.....52
表4-3-6 冷壓力刺激下，男生心肺耐力與心率變異率的相關.......54
表4-3-7 心理壓力刺激下，心肺耐力與心率變異率的相關......56
表4-3-8 心理壓力刺激下，女生心肺耐力與心率變異率的相關......58
表4-3-9 心理壓力刺激下，男生心肺耐力與心率變異率的相關......60

圖目錄
圖3-3-1 研究流程圖.........22
圖3-5-1 實驗流程圖.................27
圖4-3-1 休息狀態下，心肺耐力與LF 的相關性...........43
圖4-3-2 休息狀態下，心肺耐力與心率的相關性............44
圖4-3-3 休息狀態下，心肺耐力與PNN50 的相關性............44
圖4-3-4 休息狀態下，女生心肺耐力與LF 的相關性............45
圖4-3-5 休息狀態下，女生心肺耐力與心率的相關性...........46
圖4-3-6 休息狀態下，女生心肺耐力與PNN50 的相關性........46
圖4-3-7 休息狀態下，男生心肺耐力與LF 的相關性............47
圖4-3-8 休息狀態下，男生心肺耐力與心率的相關性..........48
圖4-3-9 休息狀態下，男生心肺耐力與PNN50 的相關性.......48
圖4-3-10 冷壓力刺激下，心肺耐力與LF 的相關性..........50
圖4-3-11 冷壓力刺激下，心肺耐力與心率的相關性........50
圖4-3-12 冷壓力刺激下，心肺耐力與PNN50 的相關性.........51
圖4-3-13 冷壓力刺激下，女生心肺耐力與LF 的相關性.......52
圖4-3-14 冷壓力刺激下，女生心肺耐力與心率的相關性.....53
圖4-3-15 冷壓力刺激下，女生心肺耐力與PNN50 的相關性......53
圖4-3-16 冷壓力刺激下，男生心肺耐力與LF 的相關性..........54
圖4-3-17 冷壓力刺激下，男生心肺耐力與心率的相關性.......55
圖4-3-18 冷壓力刺激下，男生心肺耐力與PNN50 的相關性......55
圖4-3-19 心理壓力刺激下，心肺耐力與LF 的相關性..........56
圖4-3-20 心理壓力刺激下，心肺耐力與心率的相關性......57
圖4-3-21 心理壓力刺激下，心肺耐力與PNN50 的相關性....57
圖4-3-22 心理壓力刺激下，女生心肺耐力與LF 的相關性.....58
圖4-3-23 心理壓力刺激下，女生心肺耐力與心率的相關性.....59
圖4-3-24 心理壓力刺激下，女生心肺耐力與PNN50 的相關性....59
圖4-3-25 心理壓力刺激下，男生心肺耐力與LF 的相關性...60
圖4-3-26 心理壓力刺激下，男生心肺耐力與心率的相關性......61
圖4-3-27 心理壓力刺激下，男生心肺耐力與PNN50 的相關性.....61

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