臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

針對能源的日益減少，世界各國近年來不斷地發展綠色能源。為期解決無線感應器(Wireless Sensor)在長期使用時電力來源的問題，本論文設計一個簡單、低成本之無線電波能量收集器，以便將所接收到的射頻功率(Radio Frequency Power)轉換成直流功率(Direct Current Power)，可於電力耗盡時從空中能量予以補充，以免除更換電池之需要。
無線電波能量轉換電路主要組成為天線、諧振電路、整流電路以及負載。本論文之天線及微帶線諧振電路主要應用模擬軟體IE3D進行設計，並透過網路分析儀來進行校正，以產生所需之頻率及能量轉換效率。而經由充電實驗確實能將金電容在短時間內達到額定電壓。因此，本論文提出之電路可達到能源的再生利用。

Due to serious reduction of power energy, green energy is developed by the government in recent years. In order to solve the problem of the wireless sensor’s power source, we aim to develop a simple and low cost radio energy collector, which can transform the radio into direct current power. The battery therefore can be supplied by collecting radio energy from air.
The radio energy transformation circuit is composed of an antenna, a resonance circuit, a rectifier circuit, and a load. The antenna and the resonance circuit using microstrip are designed using the IE3D software and the network analyzer. Experimental results show that the radio energy transformation circuit could make a supercapacitor fully charged in short time. Therefore, the proposed circuit can reach the goal of energy recycling.

目 錄
中文摘要 ..................................i
英文摘要 .................................ii
誌 謝 ................................iii
目 錄 .................................iv
圖目錄 .................................vi
表目錄 ..................................x

第一章 緒論 ..........................1
1.1 研究背景 ..........................1
1.2 研究動機 ..........................2
1.3 研究目的 ..........................8
1.4 論文架構 ..........................8
第二章 無線電波能量轉換系統原理與設計 .......9
2.1 電波概論 ..........................9
2.2 整流天線基本原理與設計 .............12
2.2.1 天線 .........................13
2.2.2 諧振電路－阻抗匹配網路 .........15
2.2.3 整流電路－蕭特基二極體 .........17
2.2.4 輸出濾波器 .................19
2.2.5 負載 .........................21
2.3 以微帶線結構實現天線及諧振電路架構 ..21
2.3.1 微帶線 .........................22
2.3.2 微帶天線 .........................24
2.3.3 以微帶線設計諧振電路 .........26
2.3.4 匹配度之表示諸量 .................27
第三章 實驗結果 .........................30
3.1 433MHz整流天線 .................30
3.2 2.48GHz整流天線 .................58
3.3 充電實驗 .........................61
第四章 結論與未來展望 .................64
參考文獻 .................................65
論文發表 .................................70

圖目錄
圖1.1太陽能發電衛星無線功率傳輸解說圖 .................2
圖1.2 Tesla為無線輸電網所建造之五十七公尺高的輸電塔 .........4
圖1.3 William C. Brown所提出之無人操控直昇機的整流天線 .5
圖1.4 NASA之30kW的SPS之WPT實驗，証明了SPS可行性 .........6
圖2.1 Heinrich Hertz以電磁波作資訊傳送之實驗 ........10
圖2.2整流天線電路方塊圖 ................................12
圖2.3以微帶線取代線材並與積體電路結合之天線 ................14
圖2.4 Patch antenna array ........................14
圖2.5當諧振發生時，L、C形成之能量脈動圖 ................16
圖2.6電感線圈示意圖 ................................16
圖2.7蕭特基二極體簡化結構圖 ........................18
圖2.8二極體之等效電路圖 ................................18
圖2.9二極體簡化等效電路 ................................18
圖2.10半波整流器搭載一濾波電容C ........................20
圖2.11電容充放電工作流程與大小值差異 ................20
圖2.12微帶傳輸線幾何結構 ................................23
圖2.13微帶線橫截面電力線之分佈圖 ........................23
圖2.14切斜角與弧形轉折之微帶線 ........................24
圖2.15微帶線patch天線 ................................24
圖2.16微帶天線之饋入方式 ................................25
圖2.17高頻平行長導線之等效電路 ........................26
圖2.18 (a)高阻抗平行短導線等效為串聯電感 ................27
圖2.18 (b)高阻抗平行短導線等效為並聯電容 ................27
圖2.19 S參數示意圖 ................................29
圖3.1初嘗試之433MHz全波整流天線電路架構 ................31
圖3.2初步嘗試之架構，以可調式電容及可調式電阻調整基礎電路......31
圖3.3全波整流天線電路－精密可變電阻與輸出電流折線圖 ........32
圖3.4全波整流天線電路－精密可變電阻與輸出功率折線圖 ........32
圖3.5使用八木天線模擬基地台發射功率，於戶外測試 ........33
圖3.6全波整流天線，於戶外測試已改用330Ω之SMD電阻 ........33
圖3.7以八木天線作模擬基地台所量測到之充電電流................35
圖3.8 10組全波整流天線－以3圈半手繞電感作諧振元件 ........36
圖3.9 10組全波整流天線－以1圈手繞電感作諧振元件 ........36
圖3.10 10組全波整流天線－量測距離與負載電壓折線圖 ........38
圖3.11全波整流天線電路圖 ................................39
圖3.12半波整流天線電路圖 ................................39
圖3.13全波整流天線實體圖 ................................39
圖3.14半波整流天線實體圖 ................................39
圖3.14 1~9組微帶線天線串垂直天線之全波整流天線實體圖 ........41
圖3.17使用1組混合型天線之整流天線於示波器量測輸出電壓圖.......44
圖3.18使用2組混合型天線之陣列式整流天線於示波器量測輸出電壓圖 44
圖3.19使用3組混合型天線之陣列式整流天線於示波器量測輸出電壓圖 44
圖3.20使用4組混合型天線之陣列式整流天線於示波器量測輸出電壓圖 45
圖3.21使用5組混合型天線之陣列式整流天線於示波器量測輸出電壓圖 45
圖3.22使用6組混合型天線之陣列式整流天線於示波器量測輸出電壓圖 45
圖3.23使用7組混合型天線之陣列式整流天線於示波器量測輸出電壓圖 46
圖3.24使用8組混合型天線之陣列式整流天線於示波器量測輸出電壓圖 46
圖3.25使用9組混合型天線之陣列式整流天線於示波器量測輸出電壓圖.46
圖3.26 16cm微帶線整流天線之電路實體圖 ...............47
圖3.27 1~5組16cm微帶線整流天線－量測距離與電壓關係圖 .......48
圖3.28以微帶線實現諧振電路之電路實體圖 ...............49
圖3.29微帶諧振電路元件與手繞式電感元件之整流天線電壓比較圖....50
圖3.30 4cm微帶天線串聯微帶線諧振結構之測試電路 ........51
圖3.31 S11模擬結果，在433MHz的Return Loss約為-52dB ........51
圖3.32在433MHz之S11值約為-38dB，損失0.015%訊號 ........52
圖3.33在433MHz之S22值約為-30dB，損失0.09%訊號 ........53
圖3.34在433MHz之S21值約為0.3dB ........................53
圖3.35天線長度測試電路，總長度16cm ........................54
圖3.36天線長度4cm之整流天線電路 ........................54
圖3.37與先前架構之比較圖 ................................56
圖3.38微帶整流天線1~10組效率統計 ........................57
圖3.39 2.48GHz之嘗試模擬圖 ........................58
圖3.40調整過之2.48GHz模擬圖 ........................59
圖3.41 S11在2.48GHz為-17.28dB ........................60
圖3.42充電用之陣列整流天線電路圖 ........................61
圖3.43每上升一伏特即會點亮一顆燈 ........................62
圖3.44單顆金電容之充電電流、電壓圖 ........................62
圖3.45以相同架構搭配2顆金電容之電路 ........................63
圖3.46對2顆金電容充電僅需700秒即可達到金電容之額定電壓 .......63

表目錄
表2.1無線電波的特性與用途 ................................9
表2.2電波的波長和頻率的稱呼 .......................11
表2.3 ITU-R指定之ISM頻帶 ...............................13
表2.4常數K之選擇表 ...............................17
表3.2以八木天線作戶外測試發射源－其整流天線量測數據 .......34
表3.3 10組全波整流天線－量測距離與負載電壓之數據 .......37
表3.4全波與半波整流天線－量測距離與負載電壓之數據 .......40
表3.5 1~9組微帶線天線串垂直天線之全波整流天線量測距離與電壓數據 ...............................................42
表3.6 1~5組16cm微帶線整流天線－量測距離與電壓之數據 .......47
表3.7量測距離與電壓記錄 ...............................49
表3.8量測其較佳微帶天線之長度數據 .......................55
表3.9 天線長度為4cm之整流天線量測數據 ...............55
表3.10電路效率統計 ...............................57

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