臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究旨在了解老人的老化信念、角色調適以及其同住子女的親子關係。為了達到研究目的，本研究以深度訪談法了解八位老人的經驗與想法，並從現象學的角度分析資料，獲得以下的研究結果。
　　從老人的老化信念中顯示出，老人所知覺的老化現象由老人在生理、心理與社會的表現以及其對老化的主觀詮釋所組成；並且以老化的成因、性質與影響來詮釋老化現象，此外也反映出老人對老化的想像、評價，以及其面對老化的態度。
而老人所扮演的角色包含依賴者、退休者、工作者、家務處理與協助者、教育者、受敬重者、照顧者以及受照顧者，老人角色也因著老年期而有所轉變，老人也覺察到老人在社會中逐漸不受禮遇，而老人自身與其知覺之子女、社會的角色期待各有不同，而彼此重疊之處在於期待老人為獨立、不造成子女社會負擔的角色。而老人之角色調適方法包含運用認知策略、個人角色再定義，以及符合老人角色期待。
研究發現老人與其同住子女的親子關係反映在其親子關係的互動、衝突、情感表達、所持親子態度與親子期待所組成，且多數受訪老人對親子關係都感到滿意，滿意的原因是老人的親子關係經營良好，且親子間也能彼此關照。
而本研究也發現，老人以行動與認知調適策略來調整適應老年生活狀況，其中行動調適策略包含「規劃老年生活」、「製造生活樂趣」、「保持健康自我控制感的策略」以及「自我提升」等四項；而認知調適策略則包含「調整生活態度」、「自我照顧意識提高」、「保持正向思考與態度」以及「避免負向思考」等四項。
最後，本研究依據研究結果提出對老人、老人同住子女、老人相關助人工作者以及未來研究者之相關建議。

This research is to realize the elderly’s aging beliefs, role adjustment, and the elderly’s parent-children relationship. In order to get the goals , this research is to try to understand the experiences and thoughts of eight elders. Analyzing the document through the points of Phenomenology can get the results below.
From the elderly’s aging beliefs, the sense of aging is from the elders’ physical, mental, and social present and their subjective points toward aging. And they use the causes of the aging, characters, and its effects to explain aging. Their beliefs also reflect the elder’s imagination, evaluation and attitude toward aging.
The elders’ role including relier, retiree, worker, houseworker, educator, being respected, care giver and care receiver. The elders also figure out that they are disrespected gradually in the society. In addition, the elders’ personal consciousness is different from the expectation of the children and the society. The common part of them is that the elders are expected to be independent without being the burden of their children or the society. The ways of the elder’s role adjustment include the using of conscious strategy, the re-identification of the personal role, and the proper expectation of the elders.
The research finds that parent-children relationship of the elders who live together with their children will reflect the interaction, the conflict, the emotional present, the attitude and the expectation toward this relationship. Most interviewed elders are satisfied with the parent-child relationship. Also, they may take good care of each other.
The research also discovers that the elders adjust their elderly lives by their actions and the strategy of congnitive adjustment. Arranging the elderly lives, making life interests, keeping self-controlled healthy statement, and self advancement are included. The strategy of congnitive adjustment includes “adjusting the life attitude”, “improving self-care congnition”, “keeping the positive thinking and attitude” and “avoiding the negative thoughts”.
At last, the results of the research make the related suggestions to the social workers and the future researchers, who are interested in issues of the elders and the children living with the elders.

目次
中文摘要……………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
英文摘要……………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
謝詞…………………………………………………………………………………Ⅳ
目次…………………………………………………………………………………Ⅴ
表次…………………………………………………………………………………Ⅵ
圖次…………………………………………………………………………………Ⅵ
第一章 緒論
第一節 研究動機………………………………………………………………1
第二節 研究目的與問題………………………………………………………4
第三節 名詞釋義………………………………………………………………4
第二章 文獻探討
第一節 老人的老化信念………………………………………………………6
第二節 老年的角色調適…………………………………………………… 21
第三節 老人的親子關係…………………………………………………… 32
第三章 研究方法
第一節 研究方法…………………………………………………………… 49
第二節 研究參與者………………………………………………………… 50
第三節 研究工具…………………………………………………………… 53
第四節 研究程序…………………………………………………………… 54
第五節 研究信效度………………………………………………………… 56
第六節 研究倫理…………………………………………………………… 58
第七節 研究限制…………………………………………………………… 59
第四章 研究結果
第一節 老化與老化信念…………………………………………………… 60
第二節 老年角色與角色調適……………………………………………… 84
第三節 老人的老年親子關係………………………………………………109
第四節 老年生活調適………………………………………………………138
第五節 老人信念、角色調適、親子關係及生活調適之關聯……………161
第五章 結論與建議
第一節 研究結論……………………………………………………………164
第二節 研究建議……………………………………………………………168
參考資料
中文部分………………………………………………………………………174
英文部分………………………………………………………………………180
附錄
附錄一 研究邀請函………………………………………………………… 197
附錄二 研究參與同意書…………………………………………………… 199
附錄三 前導性訪談大綱…………………………………………………… 200
附錄四 正式訪談大綱……………………………………………………… 203
附錄五 效度檢核表………………………………………………………… 206
附錄六 重要句、斷句及編碼過程示例…………………………………… 207
表次
表3-1前導性研究受訪者基本資料………………………………………… 50
表3-2受訪者基本資料……………………………………………………… 51
表3-3 受訪者效度檢核資料………………………………………………… 57
表4-1 老化與老化信念……………………………………………………… 73
表4-2 認老的老人與不認老的老人之內涵比較…………………………… 81
表4-3 成功老化、活躍老化與研究結果之對照…………………………… 83
表4-4 老年角色與角色調適…………………………………………………100
表4-5 老人親子關係…………………………………………………………129
表4-6 老年生活調適…………………………………………………………154
表4-7 老人維持自主性與其相映之生活調適策略…………………………162
圖次
圖2-1信念、態度、意圖、決定、行為與可獲得資訊之關係圖………… 11

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