臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本試驗選取34 個不同地區育成之小黃瓜品種，以逢機完全區集設計、兩重複，於 2008 年12 月至 2009 年 4 月間，同時種植於高雄區農業改良場旗南分場網室中。試驗首先比較各品種於網室栽培下之園藝性狀，包括株高、葉長、葉寬、節數、分枝數、莖寬、雌花始花期、雌花始花節數、雄花始花期、雄花始花節數、每株雄花數、每株果實數、每株合格果實數、果長、果寬、果重、具市場價值產量及網產量等 18 個特性。 以相關性分析 (correlation analysis) 與主成分分析 (component analysis) 探討性狀間之相關性，進一步一以路徑分析 (part coefficient analysis) 探討何者對小黃瓜之產量影響最大。結果顯示果長、果重、葉寬、葉長,果寬及每株合格果實數與產量達極顯著正相關; 莖寬及每株果實數與產量也有顯著正相關。反之，節數則與產量呈現極顯著負相關，此外與分枝數、雌花始花節數、及株高則與產量有負相關的趨勢。此結果與路徑分析結果相似。將各性狀以主成分分析分成三個主成分 (factors)，第一主成分累貢積貢獻度為 34.02%，可歸納為產量相關性狀；第二主成分累積貢獻度為 57.23%，可歸納為花果數目相關性狀；第三主成分累積貢獻度為 66.50%，可歸納為株高相關性狀。進一步依上述調查性狀之相關程度，將 34 個品種進行分群分析，結果以性狀歧異度 40% 為標準，可將所有品種區分為四大群，此分群結果與主成分分析散佈圖分群結果相符合。
本論文進一步從上述 34 個品種中，篩選出來自Taiwan、一色列、日本、及泰國四個不同地區育成之小黃瓜品種，種植於高溫網室環境下，探討高溫逆境與抗氧化酵素之相關性。本研究比較不同品種於營養生長期與開花期於一天中清晨 6 時 30 分 (未經高溫處理組) 與午後 2 時左右 (高溫處理組) 葉片中 guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD) 、ascorbate peroxidase (A-POD) 及 catalase (CAT) 三種抗氧化酵素之活性變化。試驗結果顯示來自泰國的品種 (Treasure) 於高溫網室中栽培之果實產量顯著高於其他三個品種，將其歸類為高溫耐受型，其他三者歸為高溫敏感型。進一步分析顯示高溫耐受型之、Treasure、於開花其經 38-40°C 高溫環境四小時後，葉片中 G-POD、A-POD 及 CAT 三種抗氧化酵素活性均顯著提高，反之，於高溫敏感型的小黃瓜品種均未呈現此酵素活性提高之現象，此結果顯示抗氧化酵素活性與高溫逆境耐受性有密切相關，可作為小黃瓜抗高溫逆境育種選拔之輔助篩選依據，甚值得進一步探討。

Correlation among growth, yield and quality attributes in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was estimated through a field study with a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Thirty-four varieties of cucumber were evaluated and eighteen growth and morphological traits including plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number, branch number, stem width, plant height, number of node, stem width, number of branch, leaf length, leaf width, days of 1st female opening, node of 1st female opening, days of 1st male opening, node of 1st male opening, total flower number, total fruit number, total number of marketable fruit, fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, marketable yield and total fruit yield were investigated at Chi-nan Branch Station, Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station (KDARES) Kaohsiung, Taiwan, between Decembers 2008 to April 2009.Genetic variability is needed for selection in breeding program and generally selection is aimed at improving some morphological characters. They may contribute significantly to plant final yield and should be considered as indicators, just as reproductive characteristics, for selection to improve yield in breeding program. With correlation, path coefficient analysis and factor analysis the results suggested that characters including leaf length, leaf width, total fruit number, fruit length, fruit width and fruit weight are effective indicators to final yield and breeders could pay attention to these characters in breeding projects. Further according to the extent of the survey related traits, will be 34 varieties of cluster analysis results to genetic distant 40% of diversity criteria, all varieties can be divided into four groups, were strongly associated with leaf length, leaf width, fruit length, fruits weight, and there were close similarity in their general topology compared with the principal component analysis of all traits to be divided into three principal components (factors), the first principal component plot cumulative contribution tribute to 34.02%, can be summarized as yield-related traits; cumulative contribution of the second principal component was 57.23%, can be summarized as the number of flower and fruit related traits; cumulative contribution of the third principal component was 66.50%, can be summarized as plant height related traits. The results of this clustering and principal component analysis scatter plot of clustering results are consistent. The multivariate analysis clearly showed that there was wide variation among tested thirty-four varieties in these important characteristics.
From thirty-four cucumber varieties four from different group were selected for further study on the antioxidant enzyme activity under high temperature, four cucumber varieties are ‘Merry Swallow’, ‘FIVOS’, ‘Drawer ground frost’ and ‘Treasure’. Three antioxidant enzyme activities, guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD), ascorbate peroxidase (A-POD) and catalase (CAT) were further determined at vegetative and reproductive stage under heat stress. The results showed that ‘Treasure’ had the highest fruit production than others grown in net-house in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. We grouped ‘Treasure’ into heat-tolerant line, the other three cultivars into heat-sensitive lines. Besides, we found the G-POD, A-POD, and CAT activities increased significantly after exposure to high temperature especially at reproductive stage in ‘Treasure’. This phenomenon can not show in heat-sensitive varieties. It suggested that antioxidant enzyme activities would be closely related to heat stress tolerance. They are probably reliable indicators for heat tolerance to be useful in cucumber breeding.

Contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………… I
ENGLISH ABSTRACT……………………………………… II
CHINESE ABSTRACT……………………………………… IV
CONTENTS………………………………………………… V
LIST OF TABLES………………………………………… VII
LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………… VIII
Chapter I. Introduction………………………………1
Literature cited……………………………5
Chapter II. Literature Review…………………8
2.1 Description of the yield improvement for cucumber ………… 8
2.2 Genetic diversity of cucumber ……………………………… 8
2.3 Correlations among growth, yield and quality characters........ 9
2.4 Environmental conditions of cucumber growth……………… 10
2.5 Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species………………… 11
2.6 Antioxidants in cucumber plants ………… 11
Literature cited……………………………………… 14
Chapter III. Correlation and path analyses among morphological characters in
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)…………………… 17
Abstract……………………………………………………… 17
Introduction………………………………………………… 18
Material and Method………………………………………… 20
Plant material and environment……………………… 20
Plant morphological characters investigated…… 21
Statistical analysis ………………………………… 22
Result…………………………………………………………… 23
Discussion…………………………………………………… 27
Literature cited……………………………………………… 50
Chapter IV. Change of antioxidant enzyme activities during heat stress in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)…… 54
Abstract……………………………………………………… 54
Introduction………………………………………………… 55
Material and Method………………………………………… 58
Plant material and environment……………………… 58
Plant morphological characters measured…………… 59
Experimental method method…………………………… 60
Statistical analysis …………………………………… 62
Result……………………………………………………… 63
Discussion………………………………………………… 65
Literature cited…………………………………………… 74

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