臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究目的在於研究不同鹽度下育苗對眼斑海葵魚存活及成長的影響，並比較有無滋養的豐年蝦及橈足類作為餌料生物對其存活、成長及體色的影響，另外還記錄並描繪眼斑海葵魚初期骨骼發育，觀察攝食相關骨骼與餌料轉換及生活史轉變之間的關聯性，並與白條海葵魚作比較。在鹽度快速變化情況下，從一般海水鹽度瞬間降至20 psu以下會造成仔魚快速大量死亡 (P<0.001)，而緩慢將海水降至不同鹽度來育苗的實驗結果亦顯示用鹽度20 psu以下的海水來育苗會有較差的存活率(P<0.001)；成長體長則無顯著差異(P>0.05)，故眼斑海葵魚不適合以鹽度20 psu以下的海水來作繁養殖。針對孵化後第5天仔魚分別投餵有滋養與無滋養豐年蝦無節幼蟲以及橈足類飼養至第20天，分別投餵橈足類與經滋養的豐年蝦的兩組有較佳成長(P<0.05)；三組間存活率皆相當高，無顯著差異(P>0.05)；餵食橈足類的魚苗在體色上較偏紅色，而餵食豐年蝦的魚苗體色則較偏黃色。利用軟硬骨二重染色法來觀察骨骼發育，剛孵化仔魚神經棘、血管棘以及椎體橫突在剛孵化便發育達定數，椎體於體長5.7 mm才出現，體長6.1 mm時椎體全數形成。尾鰭、臀鰭及背鰭之鰭條分別於體長3.8、4.6 及4.8 mm SL時出現，而達定數時的體長分別為與7.5、5.6及6.0 mm SL。剛孵化仔魚口部骨骼僅有密克爾氏軟骨及篩骨板，沉降後稚魚可觀察到齒骨、上頷骨及前上頜骨明顯骨化。白條海葵魚骨骼發育順序與眼斑海葵魚非常相似，若以發育天數為基準來做比較，可發現白條海葵魚的骨骼發育速度較快。

The aims of this study were to determined the effects of salinity on survival and growth in clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris), and comparing the effects of (non-)enriched Artemia as live food for A. ocellaris with copepod on survival, growth and skin color. Besides, we recoreded early osteological development of A. ocellaris and examined the link among osteological development of feeding apparatus, live food change and life history transition. We also compared the osteological development of A. ocellaris with A. frenatus’s. Salinity abruptly declined to below 20 psu would make mass mortality. The experiment of gradual changes in salinity also showed a poor survival rate with lower salinity (15 and 20 psu). Therefore, salinity lower than 20 psu was not a good condition for larviculture of A. ocellaris. We fed 5 days after hatch (DAH) larvae on enriched ,non-enriched Artemia and copepod until 20 DAH. Better growth appeared when fed with enriched Artemia or copepod; furthermore, the skin color of juveniles fed with copepod became red. No significant differences in survival were observed within three treatments. We used clear and stain method to observe osteological development. New hatching larvae possessed neural spines, haemal spines and parapophyses with full counts. The formation of vertebral centra occurred at 5.7 mm standard length (SL), and was fully completed at 6.1 mm SL. The appearance of caudal, anal and dorsal fin rays were at 3.8, 4.6 and 4.8 mm SL respectively, and attained fully completed ray counts at 7.5, 5.6 and 6.0 mm SL. There were only Meckel’s cartilage and ethmoid plate presented when larvae newly hatched. After settledown, the dentary, the premaxilla and maxilla would be obviously ossified. The developmental sequence of skeleton in A. frenatus and A. ocellaris were much alike. If compared the osteological development of both species by developmental days, we found that the skeleton of A. frenatus developed faster.

中文摘要……………………………………………………….I

英文摘要………………………………………………………II

目錄……………………………………………………………IV

表目錄…………………………………………………………V

圖目錄…………………………………………………………VI

壹、 前言…………………………………………………1

貳、 材料與方法…………………………………………5

參、 結果…………………………………………………9

肆、 討論…………………………………………………13

伍、 結論…………………………………………………19

陸、 參考文獻……………………………………………21

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