臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

道路交通系統是一個十分複雜的系統，而人、車、路、環境（交通號誌）四個要素間的不協調或衝突，則是導致交通事故的根本原因；因此本研究利用駕駛模擬器探討不同天候與道路狀況處置道路施工事件時的駕駛反應。實驗招募男、女受試者各6員，藉由巢狀因子分析探究其腦波（α,β,γ,θ）及心率變異量(LF/HF與LF%)變化情形，而自變項則分別為天候（雨、晴、霧）、路況（郊區1、城鎮、郊區2）與施工（施工前、施工）。實驗後發現女性在晴天的郊區2處置道路施工時的LF/HF比男性高，男性則在城鎮路況中的LF%高於女性，女性左額葉的θ波及α波，分別在起霧的城鎮及晴天的郊區2路況下也有較高功率發生，男性腦波在不同天候與路況下則均無顯著差異。故女性駕駛在處置道路施工時，明顯有較大壓力產生，因此加強女性駕駛交通事件處置的訓練，能減緩其壓力進而有效降低安全事故的發生，爾後更可進一步利用左額葉的θ波及α波來研究在處置不同交通事件類型的駕駛的腦波變化。

A driving simulator was used to evaluate the EEG (α,β,γ,θ) and HRV (Heart Rate Variability) of drivers at different weather (rain, sunny, fog)and road (suburb 1, town, suburb 2) conditions in which a road construction occurred (pre and at). Six male and six female volunteers were recruited, and a method of Nested-Factorial design was employed. Analysis of EEG and heart rate variability, independent variables are weather, road condition and construc-tion. The results indicated that female in the sunny-suburbs-2 condition had higher LF/HF than male had when encountering the road construction. Male LF% in town is higher than female. Powers of female θ and α wave of left fron-tal in both the fog-town and the sunny-suburb-2 conditions were higher, but there was no significant difference in males. Because there seems to be more pressure when female encounter road construction, increase training should pre-vent car accident effectively. Furthermore, we can perhaps study the changes in θ and α wave of left frontal to associate with different type of car accidents.

目錄
摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 3
1.3 研究範圍與對象 3
1.4 研究限制 4
1.5 研究流程 4
第二章 文獻探討 6
2.1 駕駛模擬器 6
2.2 心率變異量（HEART RATE VARIABILITY, HRV） 7
2.3 大腦 9
2.3.1 大腦功能 9
2.3.2 左、右腦功能簡介 11
2.3.3 男性腦和女性腦的差異 12
2.3.4 腦波 12
第三章 研究方法 14
3.1 受試者 14
3.2 實驗設備及場地 15
3.2.1 實驗場地 15
3.2.2 駕駛模擬器 16
3.2.3 無線藍芽生理回饋儀 17
3.3 實驗情境 18
3.3.1 路況 18
3.3.2 天候 19
3.3.3 施工 19
3.4 實驗流程 23
3.5 實驗設計 30
3.5.1 自變項 30
3.5.2 依變項 31
第四章 實驗分析與結果 33
4.1 LF/HF 33
4.2 LF% 38
4.3 腦波 40
4.3.1 δ波 40
4.3.2 θ波 40
4.3.3 α波 45
4.3.4 β波 45
4.4 加速度變化 45
4.5 主觀評量 50
第五章 討論 52
第六章 結論與建議 53
6.1 結論 53
6.2 建議 53
參考文獻 54


圖目錄
圖1.1 交通信息與駕駛行為 2
圖1.2 駕駛認知流程 2
圖1.3 研究流程 5
圖2.1 大腦構造圖 10
圖2.2 國際通用的10-20系統 11
圖3.1 設施配置圖 15
圖3.2 駕駛模擬器 17
圖3.3 NEXUS-10 18
圖3.4 實驗場景 19
圖3.5 路況 21
圖3.6 天候 22
圖3.7 煞車停止距離計算圖 23
圖3.8 駕駛訓練路線 24
圖3.9 實驗流程 25
圖3.10 國際10-20系統 28
圖3.11 生理訊號黏貼位置 28
圖3.13 資料擷取 31
圖4.1 性別*施工（天候）對LF/HF的影響 33
圖4.2 性別*路況對LF%的影響 38
圖4.3 路況*天候*腦部（性別）對DELTA波的影響 42
圖4.4 路況*天候*腦部（性別）對THETA波的影響 44
圖4.5 路況*天候*腦部（性別）對ALPHA波的影響 46
圖4.6 腦部（性別）對BETA波的影響 50
圖4.7 天候對主觀評量的影響 51


表目錄
表1.1 道路與駕駛行為整理 3
表2.1 壓力與心率變異量關係相關研究 9
表2.2 左、右腦功能簡介 12
表3.1 受試者基本資料敘述性統計 14
表3.1 受試者基本資料敘述性統計（續） 15
表3.2 受測情境 30
表4.1 LF/HF、LF%及加速度變化之變異數分析結果 34
表4.2 腦波功率變異數分析結果 35
表4.2 腦波功率變異數分析結果（續） 36
表4.3 LF/HF敘述性統計 37
表4.4 LF%敘述性統計 39
表4.5 DELTA波敘述性統計 41
表4.6 THETA波敘述性統計 43
表4.7 ALPHA波敘述性統計 47
表4.8 BETA波敘述性統計 48
表4.9 加速度敘述性統計表 49
表4.10 性別*天候之主觀評量變異數分析結果 51

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