臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究針對台灣東北部山區之明池地區，不同類型森林林地內的兩棲爬行動物分布狀況，及微棲地相關因子進行研究。以主觀選定方式將研究區域之林地分為天然林樣區A、B、人工林樣區C及D，共計4個樣區，並設置42組陷阱樣點，進行兩棲爬行動物物種調查。以主成份分析和Pearson積差相關性分析，進行分析和探討各樣點所調查到之物種相對豐度與測量的樹冠層鬱閉度、樹木密度、草本植物覆蓋度、枯落物覆蓋度、枯落物厚度、地面的石頭覆蓋度及坡度、樣點與道路距離、樣點與水源距離等9項因子之相關性。
明池地區的兩棲爬行動物物種空間分布結果，梭德氏赤蛙、哈特氏蛇蜥及金絲蛇等3種物種偏向在天然林出沒；盤古蟾蜍、拉都希氏赤蛙、麗紋石龍子、印度蜓蜥及紅斑蛇等5種物種則偏向在人工林出沒。
在環境對兩棲爬行動物分布之影響的相關性部份，拉都希氏赤蛙的分布會受樹冠層鬱閉度、枯落物覆蓋度、坡度及道路距離等4項因子影響，常出沒在樹冠層鬱閉度較低、枯落物覆蓋度較少、坡度平緩及靠近道路的環境，梭德氏赤蛙之分布會受枯落物覆蓋度影響，常出沒在枯落物覆蓋度高的環境內，且在繁殖季時的活動會受到水源之限制；麗紋石龍子的分布會受枯落物覆蓋度、枯落物厚度及道路距離等3項因子影響，經常出沒在枯落物覆蓋度和枯落物厚度較少，及靠近道路四周的環境內活動，印度蜓蜥的分布會受樹冠層鬱閉度和道路距離等2項因子影響，常出沒在樹冠層鬱閉度較低，及環境較為開闊且靠近道路四周的環境活動；紅斑蛇的分布會受到草本植物覆蓋度的影響，常出沒在草本植物覆蓋度較低的森林底層下活動，金絲蛇的分布會受到樹木密度和草本植物覆蓋度等2項因子影響，經常出沒在樹木密度較高及草本植物覆蓋度較低的森林底層下活動。

This study analyzed reptile and amphibian species distribution, and their microhabitats selection within different forest types in Mingchih, a mountainous area of northeastern Taiwan. The forests were first categorized as natural or artificial forests, and then subdivided into natural forest sample area A, and B, or artificial forest sample area C, and D. There were 42 sampling sites selected within the four study areas to survey herpetofaunal species. Within each sample plot, 9 habitat variables were recorded: canopy coverage, stand density, herbaceous coverage, ground litter coverage, litter depth, stone content ratio, slope, and distance to both the nearest road and permanently water resources. Principal components analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient analysis were utilized for sorting the data, and to determine the correlation between relative abundance of each species and the measured habitat variables.
The study result indicated that Rana sauteri, Ophisaurus harti and Amphiesma miyajimae preferably occur in natural forests. On the contrary, Bufo bankorensis, Hylarana latouchii, Plestiodon elegans, Sphenomorphus indicus and Dinodon rufozonatum rufozonatum more frequently occur in the artificial forests.
The occurrence of H. latouchii is negatively affected by canopy coverage, ground litter coverage, slope, and distance between the sample plot and the road. It was also found to be more active in habitats with a lower canopy coverage, ground litter coverage, a gentle slope, and not far from the nearby road. The distribution of R. sauteri was positively correlated to the ground litter coverage, which indicated that this species is active in a high ground litter coverage environment. In addition, water resources may be a limiting factor for the activity of R. sauteri in the breeding season. The occurrence of P. elegans was negatively correlated to the ground litter coverage, litter depth, and the distance to the nearest road. The distribution of S. indicus was negatively correlated to canopy coverage, and the distance to the nearest road as well. A forest habitat with a lower herbaceous coverage, appears to be the dominant habitat of D. rufozonatum rufozonatum, whereas forests with relative dense tree and herbaceous coverage is the microhabitat characteristic of A. miyajimae.

中文摘要 I
Abstract III
致謝 V
目次 VI
圖目次 VIII
壹、前言 1
貳、材料與方法 3
一、研究區域環境概述 3
二、研究樣區之選取及設置 3
三、調查方法 5
（一）導板集井式陷阱 5
（二）環境因子量測 7
（一）物種相對豐度計算 13
（三）單因子變異係數分析（One-way ANOVA） 14
（四）Pearson積差相關性分析 14
參、結果 15
一、不同森林的微棲地環境差異 15
二、兩棲爬行動物調查結果 17
（一）蛇類物種數之月變化 21
（二）蜥蜴的物種數、各物種相對豐度之月變化 23
（三）蟾蜍及蛙類物種數、各物種相對豐度之月變化 24
三、不同森林林地的兩棲爬行動物組成差異 27
四、兩棲爬行動物的空間分布 33
（一）影響蛇類物種分布的環境因子 33
（二）影響蜥蜴物種分布的環境因子 39
（三）影響蟾蜍及蛙類物種分布的環境因子 43
肆、討論 51
一、林地的環境因子對於兩棲爬行動物的棲地選擇之影響 51
（ㄧ）蛇類物種分布與環境因子之關係 51
（二）蜥蜴物種分布與環境因子之關係 53
（三）蟾蜍及蛙類物種分布與環境因子之關係 55
二、其他空間因子對於兩棲爬行動物的影響 57
（一）蟾蜍及2種蛙類與水源距離關係 57
（二）道路的存在對於兩棲爬行動物群聚影響 60
伍、參考文獻 63

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