臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

增加表面紋理的資料，可以在虛擬環境(Virtual Environment)中產生出更擬真的物件，但其往往需要耗費相當大量的計算以及記憶空間，且需要專業的技術人員進行建模。為了改善其問題，為數不少的表面紋理技術被提出以解決此問題。 在本文中，我們結合數位影像處理方法(Digital Image Process)將平面影像(照片)灰階化(Grayscale)後，利用其0~255的灰階值做為其依據透過與我們所設定的遮罩(Mask)大小相乘產生出第三個軸向(z軸，也就是高度的資訊) 藉以將影像立體化。並透過表面處理技術，不需要大量的記憶體以及計算空間耗費於3D物件的計算上。只需使用簡單的好計算的3D物件模型(例如圓形、方盒)結合Bump Mapping表面紋理技術將原本需要透過複雜表面計算的3D物件快速模擬。模擬出表面紋理後，透過Direct X將我們所模擬出的資訊存成.X 的檔案，轉換到虛擬觸覺裝置(Haptic Device)透過其力回饋的表現進行觸覺的模擬。 關鍵字：虛擬環境、數位影像處理、灰階法、遮罩法、凸塊映射、Direct X、觸覺設備

Adding texture rendering can make the virtual object more truly in the virtual environment, but it always needs higher compute and memory space to save the information of objects. Sometimes, it needs to build the models by the professional in the drawing. For solving this problem, there are many and many textures rending technique has been proposed.
In the paper, we combination the digital image process technique and bump mapping technique to make the flat picture transfer into the three dimensions images. The image process to transfer picture into grayscale’s image to be used, and the grayscale value (0 to 255) be multiplied the mask to general the new value of the three dimension’s value. Using the method to general the virtual object, we can have the stereoscope image which not has to high compute and image save space. Then the only simple 3D models (like cube, sphere) combined with bumping mapping texture rendering technique to display the object which has stereoscope. Finally, we use direct x to export the .x file and pass the information to the haptic device to render the touchable sensation which has force information.

目錄
中文摘要 .................................................................................................................... iv
英文摘要 .................................................................................................................... iv
致謝.............................................................................................................................. iv
目錄.............................................................................................................................. iv
表目錄.......................................................................................................................... iv
圖目錄.......................................................................................................................... iv
第一章 緒論 ....................................................................................................... 1
1.1 前言......................................................................................................... 1
1.2 研究動機................................................................................................. 3
1.3 研究貢獻................................................................................................. 3
1.4 論文架構................................................................................................. 3
第二章 虛擬實境介紹 ................................................................................................. 4
2.1 虛擬實境架構......................................................................................... 4
2.1.1 虛擬實境目標.............................................................................. 7
2.2 虛擬實境歷史......................................................................................... 7
2.3 視角表現............................................................................................... 16
2.4 虛擬觸覺............................................................................................... 18
2.4.1 虛擬觸覺構成............................................................................ 18
2.4.2虛擬Haptic的感知系統 ............................................................ 21
2.4.3 虛擬觸覺裝置............................................................................ 22
第三章 數位影像處理 ............................................................................................... 26
3.1數位影像處理........................................................................................ 26
3.1.1 基礎影像處理............................................................................ 26
3.1.2數位影像處理起源..................................................................... 27
3.1.3基本定義..................................................................................... 28
3.1.4彩色影像處理............................................................................. 29
3.2可見光譜圖............................................................................................ 29
3.3 濾波器................................................................................................... 20
3.3.1平滑濾波器................................................................................. 30
3.3.2非線性濾波器............................................................................. 32
第四章 相關文獻 ..................................................................................................... 33
4.1 材質表現............................................................................................... 33
4.1.1貼圖技術..................................................................................... 33
4.1.2 Bump mapping ............................................................................ 34
4.2觸覺(力量)表現 ..................................................................................... 35
第五章 研究方法 ..................................................................................................... 37
5.1 實驗平台............................................................................................... 37
5.1.1 硬體平台.................................................................................... 37
5.1.2 軟體平台.................................................................................... 37
5.2 實驗設計............................................................................................... 37
5.2.1 概念流程：................................................................................ 38
5.2.2 影像處理.................................................................................... 39
5.2.3 觸覺實現.................................................................................... 43
5.2.4 Bump Mapping產生 .................................................................. 44
第六章 實驗結果 ..................................................................................................... 45
vi
6.1 影像處理............................................................................................... 45
? 遮罩大小與高度產生結果比較.................................................. 45
? 負片效果對影像的影響.............................................................. 46
? 濾波器使用比較.......................................................................... 46
6.2 材質表現............................................................................................... 49
6.2.1材質貼圖未引入高度值之前..................................................... 49
6.2.2 引入高度資訊............................................................................ 50
6.2.3 引入bump mapping資訊 ......................................................... 51
第七章 結論與未來展望 ........................................................................................... 53
第八章 參考文獻 ..................................................................................................... 54
第九章 附錄 ..................................................................................................... 57
附錄A：PhantoM OMNI規格表 .............................................................. 57

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