利用加入Al隔層的方式隔絕Cu、In元素，但是Al與空氣接觸會形成Al的氧化物，所以利用In覆蓋層使Al盡量不與空氣接觸減少實驗誤差；且加入Al隔層，可使CIS前驅物不產生Cu-In合金相，藉此改善表面形貌。利用Sb取代Al作隔層，作完RTA後，得到摻Sb的CIS薄膜在表面形貌比摻Al隔層的CIS或CIS更平整更緻密(晶粒大小皆為1μm以上)。
成分均勻性的測試則是利用EPMA及TEM中的EDS作量測，在EPMA量測中CIS及摻Sb的CIS成分均勻性較好(EPMA原子百分比的標準差皆小於1)，摻Al的CIS薄膜則有較大的變動(EPMA原子百分比的標準差介於1～2之間)，但成分比例與實驗設定偏差不大(設定CIS的Cu/In=1.05，摻Al 之CIS的Cu/In=1.05，摻Sb之CIS的Cu/In=0.90，量測結果的分別為1.05、1.05、0.89)；而TEM中的EDS量測則與文獻提到的現象一樣，皆為變動較大的曲線(原子百分比的標準差皆大於1)，但平均成分的Cu/In結果與EPMA結果相似。

By using Al interlayer to separate Cu and In, but Al is very easy to be oxidized by air. For avoiding that, using In layer can achieve that goal. And using Al interlayer can reduce the roughness of the CIS surface. The other idea is to substitute Al by Sb. In RTA selenzation process, the roughness of the CIS surface by with Sb interlayer is much smoother than using Al interlayer. And the grain with Sb interlayer is more compact (mean grain size is more than 1μm).
The composition test of CIS is measured by EPMA and EDS of TEM. In EPMA measurement, the composition of CIS by using Sb interlayer is more uniform (standard deviation is less than 1 atomic percent), and the composition of CIS by using Al interlayer is less uniform (standard deviation is 1 to 2 atomic percent). In these experiments, the assumption of composition of CIS is Cu/In=1.05, CIS with Al interlayer is Cu/In=1.05, CIS with Sb interlayer is Cu/In=0.90, and the results are 1.05, 1.05, and 0.89. The assumption is very close to the result. In EDS of TEM measurement, the results are the same as the result of paper (composition is different everywhere) and the standard deviation are bigger than 1 atomic percent, but the mean composition is similar to EPMA.

致謝 II
摘要 III
Abstract IV
目錄 V
表目錄： VIII
圖目錄： IX
一、簡介 1
1.1前言 1
1.2太陽能電池原理 1
二、文獻回顧與動機 3
2.1 CuInSe2(CIS)的性質 3
2.1.1 CIS主吸收層性質 3
2.1.2本質缺陷對CIS的影響 3
2.2 CIS製程分類及原理 4
2.2.1CIS慢速真空硒化製程 4
2.2.2 CIS之快速硒化製程(Rapid Thermal Annealing(RTA)) 5
2.2.3 兩階段式(two-step)的快速硒化製程 5
2.2.4 RTA對CIS製作的影響[27] 5
2.2.5 CIS快速硒化過程中的現象 7
2.2.6可能選用的疊層方式 8
2.2.7CIS成份均勻性 8
2.3CIS元件其他薄膜層 9
2.3.1金屬背電極：Mo 9
2.3.2緩衝層：CdS 11
2.3.3透明導電膜透光層：ZnO 12
2.3.4透光導電層及抗反射層：AZO 12
2.3.5金屬上電極：Al 13
三、實驗製程方法與分析儀器之介紹 14
3.1實驗流程 14
3.1.1 鈉玻璃基板準備 14
3.1.2 薄膜的鍍製 15
3.1.2.1 Cu、Al、In薄膜層的濺鍍 15
3.1.2.2 In、Se、Sb薄膜層的蒸鍍 16
3.1.2.3膜厚校正 17
3.1.2.4硒化反應 17
3.2 薄膜分析方法 18
3.2.1 X光繞射分析(X-Ray Diffraction) 18
3.2.2四點探針(Four-point probe) 19
3.2.3 掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM) 19
3.2.4能量解析光譜儀(EDS) 20
3.2.5電子探針微區分析儀(EPMA) 20
3.2.6雙束型聚焦離子束(FIB) 21
3.2.7穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM) 21
四、結果與討論 23
4.1加入Al隔層的CIS薄膜 23
4.1.1CIS薄膜前驅物及使用Al作為隔層的原因 23
4.1.2加入Al隔層的鍍製方法 24
4.1.3加入Al隔層的硒化結果-XRD 27
4.1.4 加入Al隔層的CIS表面形貌 27
4.1.4.1未加入Al隔層的表面形貌 27
4.1.4.2加入Al隔層的表面形貌 28
4.2加入Sb隔層的CIS薄膜 29
4.2.1使用Sb作為隔層的原因 29
4.2.2加入Sb的結果 30
4.3CIS成分測試 34
4.3.1EPMA成分檢測 34
4.3.1.1未加入Al隔層與加入Al隔層的CIS成分 34
4.3.1.2加入Sb隔層的CIS成分 35
4.3.2TEM-EDS成分檢測 35
4.4有關CIS太陽電池製作 39
4.4.1CIS太陽電池金屬背電極：Mo 39
4.4.2CIS太陽電池緩衝層：CdS製備前準備 40
五、結論 42
六、參考文獻 43

[1]J. Britt, S. Wiedemann, R. Wendt and S. Albright, Technical Report NRELySR-520-26840 (1999), p. 1
[2]T. Satoh, Y. Hashimoto, S. Shimakawa, S. Hayashi and T. Negami, Proceedings of the 12th Int. Phot. Sci. and Eng. Conf., Korea, (2001), p. 93
[3]F. Kessler, D. Rudmann, Solar Energy 77 (2004), p.685
[4]N. Chu and D. Honeman, Solar cells 31 (1991), p.197
[5]K. Zweibel, Harnessing solar cell-The photovoltaics challenge. (1990)
[6]W.G. Adams and R.E. Day, Proc. R. Soc., (1877), p. 113
[7]B.M. Bagol, V.K. Kapur, A. Halani, A. Minnick and C. Leidholm, Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (1993),Conference Record of the Twenty Third IEEE
[8]Y. Hamakawa, Thin-film solar cells 1 (2004), p.164
[9]F. Abou-Elfotouh, D. J. Dunlavy and T.J. Coutts, Solar Cell 27 (1986), p.237
[10]S.B. Zhang, S.H. Wei, A. Zunger, and H. Katayama-Yoshida, Physical Review B 57 (1998)
[11]T. Nakano, H. Mizuhashiy and S. Baba, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 44 (2005), p. 1932
[12]F. Karg, V. Probst, H. Harms, J. Rimmasch, W. Riedl, J. Kotschy, J. Holz, R. Treichler, O. Eibl, A. Mitwalsky and A. Kiendl , IEEE Solid State Communications 107 (1998), p.59
[13]F. Jiang and J. Feng, Thin Solid Films 515 (2006), p.1950
[14]C.H. Chung, S.D. Kima, H.J. Kim, F.O. Adurodija, K.H. Yoon and J. Song , Solid State Communications 126 (2003), p.185
[15]F.O. Adurodija, J. Song, K.H. Yoon, S.K. Kim, Materials in Electronics 9 (1998), p.361
[16]Volobujeva, M. Altosaar, J. Raudoja, E. Mellikov, M. Grossberg, L. Kaupmees and P. Barvinschi, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 93 (2009), p.11
[17]F.O. Adurodija, S.K. Kim, S.D. Kim, J.S. Song, K.H. Yoon and B.T. Ahn, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 55 (1998), p.225
[18]B.H. Tseng, G.W. Chang and G.L. Gu, Applied Surface Science 92 (1996), p. 227
[19]B.H. Tseng, G.W. Chang and S.B. Lin, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 34 (1995), p.1109
[20]P. K. Johnson, J. T. Heath, J. D. Cohen, K. Ramanathan and J. R. Sites, Prog. Photovolt 13 (2005), p.579
[21]F.O. Adurodija, J. Song, S.D. Kim, S.H. Kwon, S.K. Kim, K.H. Yoon,B.T. Ahn, Thin Solid Films 338 (1999), p.13
[22]G. D. Mooney and A. M. Hermann, J. R. Tuttle, D. S. Albin and R. Noufi, Solar Cells 30 (1991), p.69
[23]W. Riedl , J. Rimmasch , V. Probst , F. Karg , R. Guckenberger, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 35 (1994), p.129
[24]F.O. Adurodija , M.J. Carter and R. Hill, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 40 (1996), p.359
[25]F. Karg and V. Probst, United States Patent 5 (1996), p.578
[26]F.O. Adurodija, M.J. Carter and R. Hill, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 37 (1995), p.203
[27]K.T. Ramakrishna Reddy, I. Forbes, R.W. Miles, M.J. Carter and P.K. Dutta, Materials Letters 37 (1998), p.57
[28]D.S. Albin, G.D. Mooney, A. Duda, J. Tuttle, R. Matson and R. Noufi ,Solar Cells 30 (1991), p.47
[29]H. Miyazakia, R. Mikamia, A. Yamadab and M. Konagai, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 64 (2003), p.2055
[30]F. Abou-Elfotouh, D.J. Dunlavy and T.J. Coutts, Solar Cell 27 (1986), p.237
[31]A. Ashour, A.A.S. Akl, A.A. Ramadan, K. Abd and EL-Hady, Thin Solid Films 467 (2004), p.300
[32]T. Pisarkiewicz, H. Jankowski, Vacuum Volume 70, Issues 2-3, 10 March (2003), p.4358
[33]H.J. Moore, D.L. Olson, and R. Noufi, Journal of Electronic Materials 27 (1998), p.12
[34]D.Y. Lee, J.H. Yun, K.H. Yoon and B.T. Ahn, Thin Solid Films 410 (2002), p.171
[35]L.L. Kerr, S. Kim, S. Kincal, M. Ider, S. Yoon and T.J. Anderson, Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (2002), Conference Record of the Twenty-Ninth IEEE, p.676
[36]V. Alberts, M. Chenene, O. Schenker, E. Bucher, Journal of Materials Science : materials in electronics 11 (2000), p.285
[37]Y. Yan, R. Noufi, K.M. Jones, K. Ramanathan, M. M. Al-Jassim and B. J. Stanbery, Applied Physics Letters 87 (2005), p.121904
[38]U. Raua and J. H. Werne, Applied Physics Letters (2004), p.80
[39]S. B. Zhang, Su-Huai Wei, and Alex Zunger, Physics Review B 57 (1998), p.9642
[40]T.J. Vink, Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), p.4301
[41]K.N. Tu, J. W. Mayer and L. C.Feldman, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York (1992), p.84
[42]J. H. Scofielda, A. Dudaa, D. Albina, B. L. Ballardb and P. K. Predeckib , Ternary Chalcopyrite Semiconductors: Growth, Electronic Properties, and Applications (1975)
[43]T. J. Vink, M. A. J. Somers, J. L. C. Daams and A. G. Dirks, Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), p.4301
[44]F. Capasso and G. Maragaritondo, Physics and Device Application. Elsevier Science (1987), p.115
[45]W. Eisele, Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (2000), Conference Record of the Twenty-Ninth IEEE, p.692
[46]G. Gordillo, G. Cediel, L.M. Caicedo, H. Infante and J. Sandino, Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (2001), Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth IEEE, p.614
[47]D. Hariskos, Thin Solid Films 480 (2005), p.99
[48]K. Ramanathan, Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (1997), Conference record of the Twenty-Sixth IEEE , p. 319
[49]C. Guillén and J. Herrero, Thin Solid Films 515 (2006), p.640
[50]R.B.H. Tahar, T. Ban, Y. Ohya and Y. Takahashi, Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), p.2631
[51]謝豐鍵，國立中山大學材料科學研究所碩士論文 (2008)
[52]簡唯倫，國立中山大學材料科學研究所碩士論文 (2008)