臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文中是針對於太陽能電池中四個特性參數其中的開路電壓(Voc)做討論，目前文獻絕大多數都是採用Alan Heeger所歸納出的一條經驗公式VOC=(1/e)(｜EDonorHOMO︱-｜EAcceptorLUMO︱)-0.3V，在此公式當中，我們可以得知VOC只與主動層當中的Donor材料的 HOMO和Acceptor材料的LUMO有關，想要有高的VOC，其條件是必須要Donor材料有高HOMO值，以及Acceptor 的材料要有LUMO值。本研究中是當主動層當中，除了一般文獻中常見 Donor材料poly（3-hexylthiophene）(簡稱P3HT)，以及Acceptor材料 [6,6]-phenyl-C61-Butyric acid methyl ester（簡稱PCBM），額外摻雜第三種材料，其擁有比Donor更高的HOMO，或者是比Acceptor更低的LUMO值，探討其對於VOC的影響。
本論文中將使用兩種不同溴化程度後的P3HT(簡稱Br-P3HT)，分別是40%和100%的溴化程度，將其摻雜於主動層中。三種材料在不同重量配比濃度下，可提升其開路電壓。太陽能電池元件如下: ITO/PEDOT︰PSS/P3HT︰Br-P3HT︰PCBM/Al 在AM 1.5G100mW/cm2 的模擬太陽光源下量測其光電轉換效率。
摻雜Br-P3HT(100%)可以調變其開路電壓由0.6V上升至0.68V，但也隨著摻雜的過多而導致表面粗糙度大幅度的提升，雖然有助於提升開路電壓，但也令短路電流、填充因子，大幅度的下滑，以致無法提升元件效率。摻雜Br-P3HT(40%)，不僅能提升開路電壓至0.66V，雖然在表面粗糙度有略為的提升，但對於短路電流與填充因子尚未造成影響，可以保有原有Standard的短路電流與填充因子的值不受影響，而效率由2.20%上升2.46% 。

Based on the solar cell’s four characteristic parameter open-circuit voltage (Voc) makes the discussion.The study of the relation VOC’s paper uses empirical formula. VOC’s formula is “VOC=(1/e)(｜EDonorHOMO︱-｜EAcceptorLUMO︱)-0.3V”. We can know that VOC related to donor material’s HOMO and acceptor material’s LUMO, if we need a high VOC, it can change the structure of donor material to have higher HOMO value, as well as the acceptor material have lower LUMO value. Our active layer except poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-Butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), the third material was blended to discuss their effect on the VOC.
Two kind of different bromined-P3HT (Br-P3HT) were used 40% and 100% bromined-P3HT to blend in active layer. Their Three materials blended under the different weight percent and the basic device configurations in this study was ITO / PEDOT : PSS / P3HT : Br-P3HT : PCBM / Al , efficiency was measured under AM 1.5G 100mW/cm2 illumination.
When blended Br-P3HT(100%) in the active layer, VOC increased from 0.6V to 0.68V and the surface roughness makes short-circuit current and fill factor, increased make lower power conversion efficiency.
When blended Br-P3HT(40%) into the active layer, not only can increase VOC to 0.66V, but influence the short-circuit current and the fill factor. The power conversion efficiency changed from 2.20% to 2.46%.

誌謝..........................................................................................................I
中文摘要..................................................................................................III
Abstract.....................................................................................................V
目錄.........................................................................................................VI
圖目錄......................................................................................................X
表目錄..................................................................................................XIII
第一章 緒論..............................................................................................1
1-1 替代性能源............................................................................1
1-2 太陽能電池的定義................................................................1
1-3 太陽能電池發展之三個世代................................................2
1-4 有機與無機太陽能電池之介紹............................................2
1-5 有機太陽能電池結構演進....................................................4
1-5-1 單層結構有機太陽能電池.......................................5
1-5-2 雙層異質界面結構有機太陽能電池.......................6
1-5-3 混合層異質界面結構有機太陽能電池...................7
1-5-4 秩序性混合層異質界面結構有機太陽能電池.......8
1-6 研究動機................................................................................9
第二章 理論基礎....................................................................................11
2-1 能量及電荷轉移機制..........................................................11
2-2 光電轉換原理......................................................................12
2-3 太陽能電池等效電路..........................................................18
2-4 光電特性參數......................................................................20
2-4-1 短路電流（Isc）......................................................21
2-4-2 開路電壓（Voc）.....................................................22
2-4-3 填充因子（F.F.）.....................................................22
2-4-4 功率轉換效率（ηP）...............................................23
2-5 太陽光模擬..........................................................................24
第三章 實驗流程、製程設備與量測儀器..............................................29
3-1 實驗架構..............................................................................29
3-2 實驗材料..............................................................................30
3-2-1 陽極：ITO................................................................30
3-2-2 電洞傳輸層材料：PEDOT：PSS...........................31
3-2-3 主動層電荷施體材料：P3HT.................................32
3-2-4 主動層電荷受體材料：PCBM...............................32
3-2-5 主動層材料：Br-P3HT............................................33
3-2-6 溶劑：Chloroform...................................................34
3-2-7 陰極：Alumina........................................................34
3-3 藥品的配製..........................................................................35
3-3-1 PEDOT：PSS 材料..................................................35
3-3-2 P3HT：Br-P3HT(100%)：PCBM 材料..................35
3-3-3 P3HT：Br-P3HT(40%)：PCBM 材料....................35
3-4 實驗步驟..............................................................................36
3-4-1 ITO陽極圖形化........................................................36
3-4-2 ITO玻璃基版清洗....................................................38
3-4-3 有機高分子太陽能電池元件製程...........................39
3-5 製程設備..............................................................................41
3-5-1超音波清洗機（Ultrasonic cleaning）.....................41
3-5-2 加熱盤（Hot plate）................................................41
3-5-3 電漿清洗機（O2 plasma）.......................................41
3-5-4 旋轉塗佈機（Spin coater）.....................................42
3-5-5 手套箱（Glove box）..............................................43
3-5-6 蒸鍍機（Evaporator）.............................................43
3-5-7 紫外光曝光機（UV exposure）..............................44
3-6 量測儀器..............................................................................44
3-6-1 紫外光/可見光光譜儀（UV-Vis）..........................44
3-6-2 光電子光譜分析儀（PESA）.................................45
3-6-3 表面輪廓儀（Surface profiler）................................46
3-6-4 原子力顯微鏡（AFM）............................................48
3-6-5 太陽光譜模擬量測系統（Solar simulator system）
.....................................................................................50
第四章 結果與討論................................................................................52
4-1 Br-P3HT 材料分析..............................................................52
4-1-1 UV-Vis量測吸收光譜...............................................52
4-1-2 材料能階分析...........................................................53
4-2 Br-P3HT(100%)摻雜於主動層中之元件特性....................54
4-2-1 Br-P3HT(100%)與PCBM做為Acceptor材料.......55
4-2-2 P3HT與Br-P3HT(100%)做為Donor材料.............58
4-2-3 Br-P3HT(100%)做為主動層中的Buffer材料........60
4-3 Br-P3HT(40%)摻雜於主動層中之元件特性......................64
4-3-1 P3HT與Br-P3HT(40%)做為Donor材料...............65
4-3-2 Br-P3HT(40%)做為主動層中的Buffer材料...........66
4-4 表面成膜粗糙度..................................................................70
第五章 總結............................................................................................82
參考文獻..................................................................................................83

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