臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

綠泥石與柯綠泥石在受極低度變質或熱液蝕變作用的基性岩中是很普遍的次生礦物，柯綠泥石雖然被定義為1：1規則混層綠泥石/膨潤石或綠泥石/蛭石，但近期常被認為是一個獨立礦物相，因此值得探討其是否可作為極低度變質帶的指標礦物。在台灣西部麓山帶（未變質）與中央山脈西翼（極低度到低度變質）的第三紀沉積岩中，零星分布有許多透鏡狀玄武質火山岩，這些位處於成岩帶、近變質帶至淺變質帶的透鏡狀玄武質岩體大部分曾遭受不等程度的熱液蝕變作用或是變質作用，然而先前僅有在極少地區的玄武質岩曾發現柯綠泥石的存在。在本研究中，利用光學顯微鏡、X光繞射分析、掃描式電子顯微鏡附加能量分散光譜儀以及穿透式電子顯微鏡（TEM）觀察，描述這些玄武質岩中柯綠泥石與共生的綠泥石質礦物的產狀、共生組合與混層特性，研究結果顯示這些透鏡狀玄武質岩體含有豐富的次生綠泥石質礦物，這些綠泥石質礦物包含膨潤石、柯綠泥石、綠泥石、混層綠泥石/膨潤石、或是混層綠泥石/柯綠泥石等的礦物組合，它們通常以取代鐵鎂質礦物或間質玻璃、以及脈充填與氣孔充填而產出。綠泥石、柯綠泥石和膨潤石的成份在矽/鋁比、層間離子與總陽離子數上有明顯的差異，在淺變質帶的玄武質岩體中僅有綠泥石單獨存在，在近變質帶中柯綠泥石、綠泥石與混層綠泥石/柯綠泥石則是普遍的次生礦物組合，而在成岩帶的岩體則具有單獨含膨潤石、綠泥石+膨潤石+混層綠泥石/膨潤石+混層綠泥石/柯綠泥石、或是綠泥石+柯綠泥石+混層綠泥石/柯綠泥石等不同組合，這些不同的綠泥石質礦物組合與其他次生礦物組成反映出成岩帶中的玄武岩體曾經歷不同期的蝕變作用。經TEM晶格條紋影像觀察可確認柯綠泥石產出於南港、坡內坑、山子腳、南勢角、熊空、石門水庫北岸、石秀屏溪與復興等地的成岩帶岩體，亦存在於榮華、高坡與寶來等三個屬近變質帶的岩體，而岩體中柯綠泥石的消失明確的標示著近變質帶與淺變質帶的界線，因此以一個化學與結構上的獨立礦物相，柯綠泥石應可作為極低度變質岩的指標礦物。

Chlorite and corrensite are very common secondary minerals in very low-grade metamorphic or hydrothermally altered mafic rocks. Corrensite, although defined as a 1:1 regularly mixed-layered chlorite/smectite or chlorite/vermiculite, has been considered as a unique mineral phase and might thus be a potential index mineral for evaluating very low metamorphic grade. Many lenticular basaltic rocks, which are intercalated with unmetamorphosed to low-grade metamorphosed Tertiary sedimentary rocks, occur sporadically in the Western foothills and the Central Range in Taiwan. The lenticular basaltic rocks in the Western foothills (diagenetic zone) and the western flank of the Central Range (anchizone to epizone) were subjected to different degrees of hydrothermal alteration and/or metamorphism. However, only few occurrences of corrensite in these basaltic rocks were reported. In the present study, the occurrences and mixed-layering features of corrensite and coexisting chloritic minerals in the basaltic rocks were characterized by utilizing optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that most of these basaltic rocks contain abundant chloritic minerals occurring as replacements of mafic minerals or interstitial glass, or as vein- or vesicle-filling materials. The chloritic minerals include smectite, corrensite, chlorite, mixed-layered chlorite/smectite, or mixed-layered chlorite/corrensite. The compositions of chlorite, corrensite, and smectite are distinctive in terms of their Si/Al ratios, interlayer cations, and total cation numbers. Corrensite, chlorite, and mixed-layered chlorite/corrensite are common secondary mineral assemblages in the anchizone basaltic rocks, whereas only discrete chlorite occur in the epizone. The basaltic rocks in the diagenetic zone contain different assemblages, such as smectite only, chlorite + smectite + mixed-layered chlorite/smectite + mixed-layered chlorite/corrensite, or chlorite + corrensite + mixed-layered chlorite/corrensite. These different assemblages of chloritic minerals and other secondary mineral assemblages might reflect different stages of hydrothermal alteration. Corrensite was positively identified with TEM lattice-fringe imaging in the diagenetic rocks collected from Nangang, Poneikeng, Shanzijiao, Nanshihjiao, Hsiungkong, Shihsiouping, Fusing, and Northern Shihmen Reservoir areas, and in the studied anchizone rocks from Junghua, Kaopo and Baolai areas. The disappearance of corrensite clearly marks the boundary between the anchizone and epizone basaltic rocks. Corrensite, as a chemically and structurally unique mineral phase, is therefore a potential index mineral in very low-grade metamorphic rocks.

中文摘要------------------------------------------------------------------I
Abstract------------------------------------------------------------------III
致謝----------------------------------------------------------------------V
目錄----------------------------------------------------------------------VI
表目錄--------------------------------------------------------------------VIII
圖目錄--------------------------------------------------------------------IX
縮寫符號表---------------------------------------------------------------XIV

第一章 序論------------------------------------------------------------1
1-1 前言-------------------------------------------------------------------1
1-2 柯綠泥石與綠泥石質礦物----------------------------------------------1
1-3 膨潤石至綠泥石的轉變機制--------------------------------------------2
1-4 台灣的綠泥石質礦物分布----------------------------------------------3
1-5 研究目的--------------------------------------------------------------4
第二章 地質背景-------------------------------------------------------8
第三章 研究方法------------------------------------------------------14
3-1 實驗流程-------------------------------------------------------------14
3-2 實驗方法-------------------------------------------------------------15
第四章 結果----------------------------------------------------------19
4-1 綠泥石質礦物的種類與組合統整--------------------------------------19
4-1-1 綠泥石-------------------------------------------------------------19
4-1-2綠泥石+柯綠泥石+混層綠泥石/柯綠泥石----------------------------21
4-1-3綠泥石+混層綠泥石/柯綠泥石+混層綠泥石/膨潤石與膨潤石---------23
4-1-4 膨潤石--------------------------------------------------------------24
4-2 淺變質帶樣品---------------------------------------------------------26
4-2-1花蓮縣秀林鄉中橫陽明橋西（YMC）--------------------------------26
4-2-2 中橫德基公益橋（GYC）-------------------------------------------29
4-2-3高雄南橫常仕橋（CSC1）-------------------------------------------32
4-2-4高雄南橫常仕橋（CSC2）-------------------------------------------35
4-2-5南投東埔彩虹瀑布（DP1）------------------------------------------38
4-2-6南投東埔彩虹瀑布（DP2）------------------------------------------42
4-2-7高雄縣南橫向陽（SY）----------------------------------------------45
4-3 近變質帶樣品---------------------------------------------------------48
4-3-1桃園縣復興鄉榮華-內奎輝（RH1）----------------------------------48
4-3-2桃園縣復興鄉榮華-內奎輝（RH2）----------------------------------52
4-3-3桃園縣復興鄉北橫高坡（KP）---------------------------------------55
4-3-4高雄縣南橫寶來（PL）----------------------------------------------59
4-4 成岩帶樣品-----------------------------------------------------------63
4-4-1桃園縣復興鄉北橫（FS）--------------------------------------------63
4-4-2台北市南港區（NG1）----------------------------------------------66
4-4-3台北市南港區（NG2）----------------------------------------------70
4-4-4台北縣樹林市坡內坑青龍山（PNK）--------------------------------73
4-4-5樹林市山子腳媽祖坑（SZJ）----------------------------------------77
4-4-6台北縣中和市南勢角（NSJ）----------------------------------------81
4-4-7台北縣土城市石門保安宮（TC）------------------------------------84
4-4-8台北縣清水坑背斜（CSK）------------------------------------------87
4-4-9台北縣三峽鎮橫溪（HS）-------------------------------------------93
4-4-10台北縣三峽鎮熊空東豐橋（DFC）---------------------------------96
4-4-11台北縣三峽鎮大寮地（DLD）-------------------------------------100
4-4-12桃園縣龜山鄉兔子坑中一堂（TZK）-------------------------------103
4-4-13桃園縣復興鄉三民下基國派附近河床滾石（SJGP）----------------107
4-4-14桃園縣石門水庫北岸（NSM）------------------------------------110
4-4-15桃園縣石門水庫南岸石秀屏溪中游攔砂壩兩側（SSPX）-----------114
4-4-16新竹縣關西鎮帽盒山亞洲水泥採石場（MHS）--------------------117
4-4-17新竹縣橫山鄉馬福（MF）----------------------------------------121
4-4-18新竹縣橫山鄉沙坑（SK）-----------------------------------------125
4-4-19新竹縣關西-竹東（GS-JD1）-------------------------------------128
4-4-20新竹縣關西-竹東（GS-JD2）-------------------------------------131
4-4-21苗栗縣南庄鄉福南鱸鰻窟溪（LMKX）----------------------------134
4-4-22高雄縣內門鄉木柵（NM）---------------------------------------137
4-4-23澎湖縣西嶼鄉小門嶼（XMY1, XMY2）---------------------------140
第五章 討論---------------------------------------------------------143
5-1 各地火成岩之次生礦物群與蝕變程度--------------------------------143
5-2綠泥石質礦物中的Fe2+與Fe3+之意義-------------------------------144
5-3 綠泥石質礦物的種類變化--------------------------------------------145
5-3-1 單獨膨潤石相-----------------------------------------------------145
5-3-2 綠泥石、混層綠泥石/柯綠泥石、混層綠泥石/膨潤石與膨潤石-----145
5-3-3 柯綠泥石、綠泥石與混層綠泥石/柯綠泥石------------------------146
5-4 成岩帶中綠泥石質礦物的共生關係----------------------------------147
5-5 綠泥石質礦物的種類與區域變質度之關係---------------------------148
5-6 綠泥石質礦物之Si /（Si+Al）與Fe /（Fe+Mg）之關係性-----------149
5-7 柯綠泥石的獨特性--------------------------------------------------150
第六章 結論---------------------------------------------------------155
第七章 參考文獻----------------------------------------------------157
附錄一------------------------------------------------------------------163
附錄二------------------------------------------------------------------180
附錄三------------------------------------------------------------------195

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