臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

鮪魚是大洋性洄游魚種，我國是印度洋熱帶鮪類最大漁獲國之一，而熱帶鮪
類也是我國印度洋大型鮪漁業的最大漁獲對象之一。而過去有關這些大型鮪延繩
釣漁船在遠洋活動之情形並無有系統的整理，以至於進行資源評估時，鮮少納入
討論。因此，本研究目的即以大型遠洋漁船作業報表為背景資料，利用地理資訊
系統針對熱帶鮪類漁船之歷年漁獲量、CPUE 及努力量等資料為基礎，分析專以
熱帶鮪類為目標魚種之漁船之動態，並嘗試探討影響這些漁船活動之因素。
研究內容乃是以整個印度洋、共38 年之時空尺度，利用地理資訊系統分析
研究1970 到2007 年歷年熱帶鮪類的CPUE 分佈，進而挑選出1999 到2003 年共
五年的漁業行為穩定之年代，進行漁獲資料分析。再針對這五年挑選出每年黃鰭
鮪及大目鮪漁獲量最多的前20 艘漁船，將其視為以黃鰭鮪及以大目鮪為目標魚
種之漁船，依照各漁船之航行軌跡，進行分類為專捕黃鰭鮪的動態模式有4 種、
專捕大目鮪的動態模式有3 種，經統合分析成台灣在印度洋作業之鮪延繩釣漁船
動態模式共5 種：赤道經阿拉伯海回赤道、赤道阿拉伯海經南印度洋回赤道、赤
道經孟加拉灣回赤道、赤道經南印度洋回赤道及全年度在赤道。最後探討台灣在
印度洋作業之鮪延繩釣漁船，其主要受國際魚價行情、氣候海象及漁業合作國關
係等因素，至使鮪延繩釣漁船，在印度洋有上述5 種之動態模式。

Tunas are the ocean highly migratory species, Taiwan is the top countries of the
tropical tunas fishery in the Indian Ocean, and the tropical tunas are the main target
species of our country in Indian Ocean. There were no systematic arrangement of
large-scale tuna longline fishery in the past. While assessing the resource assessment,
there are only few information included and discussed .The Purpose of this research
based on the large-scale fishing vessels’ logbooks, and analyzed the catch, CPUE and
fishing effort of tropical tuna longline vessels with geographical information system.
Discuss the dynamic patterns of tropical tuna vessels, and try to research the factors
influencing the vessels activities.
The research focus on the whole Indian Ocean, and utilizes the geographical
information system to analyze and research CPUE from 1970 to 2007(38 years) with
annual tropical tuna catch. Then, select the steady times of the fishery activities from
1999 to 2003 and carry on the analysis of catch data. Second, choose the first 20
fishing vessels of annual Yellow-fin tunas and Big-eye tunas with largest catch in this
period, regard these as the representative researching vessels. According to the
navigation route of each vessel, the results of the analysis are derived: 4 patterns of
Yellow-fin tuna, 3 patterns of Big-eye tuna. On the whole, there are 5 routes of
Taiwan fishing boat of tuna longline fishing vessels in the Indian Ocean: 1. The
fishing vessels go back to the equator across Arabian Sea from the equator. 2. The
fishing vessels go back to the equator across southern Indian Ocean from Arabian Sea.
3. The fishing vessels go back to the equator across the Bay of Bengal from the
equator. 4. The fishing vessels go back to the equator across the southern Indian
Ocean from the equator and stay near the equator during the whole year. Finally,
conclude that tuna longline fishery of Taiwan target tropical tunas in the Indian Ocean
are dominated by factors such as international fish price, climate, walrus and the
relationship with fishery cooperative countries, etc.. These factors lead to the 5 kinds
of vessel dynamic ways in the Indian Ocean.

第一章、 緒論…………………………………………………1
1.1 研究動機........................................................................................1
1.2 研究目的........................................................................................2
1.3 研究流程架構................................................................................3
第二章、 研究背景……………………………………………4
2.1研究對象魚種介紹.........................................................................4
2.2 鮪延繩釣作業模式內容................................................................5
2.3 印度洋漁業概況............................................................................5
2.3.1 台灣遠洋鮪延繩釣漁業發展史.............................................5
2.3.2 印度洋熱帶鮪類漁業資源利用概況.....................................7
2.3.3 台灣利用印度洋熱帶鮪類資源利用作業變化.....................8
第三章、材料與方法…………………………………………9
3.1 研究材料.........................................................................................9
3.2 研究方法.........................................................................................9
3.2.1 時間及空間定義....................................................................10
3.2.2 漁船動態研究........................................................................11
第四章、 研究結果…………………………………………12
4.1 穩定年代範圍擷取.......................................................................12
4.1.1 選取年代之漁業資源平穩度................................................12
4.1.2 擷取年代之CPUE分佈特性..............................................12
4.2 印度洋各洋區漁獲比較...............................................................15
4.3 漁船動態研究...............................................................................15
4.3.1 印度洋黃鰭鮪漁船動態........................................................16
4.3.2 印度洋大目鮪漁船動態........................................................20
第五章、 討論………………………………………………25
5.1 熱帶鮪類延繩釣漁船的航行動態模式之推論...........................25
5.1.1 赤道經阿拉伯海回到赤道....................................................25
5.1.2赤道經阿拉伯海經南印度洋回赤道.....................................26
5.1.3孟加拉灣至赤道回孟加拉灣.................................................27
5.1.4 赤道經南印度洋回赤道........................................................28
5.1.5 全年度處在赤道....................................................................28
5.2 印度洋各洋區漁獲比較結果推論...............................................29
5.3 推論影響漁船動態之因素...........................................................30
5.3.1 漁業合作國關係....................................................................30
5.3.2 國際市場漁獲價值................................................................31
5.3.3 氣候及海象因素......................................................................32

第六章、 參考文獻…………………………………………34
6.1 中文參考文獻...............................................................................34
6.2 西文參考文獻...............................................................................35
6.3 網路參考文獻...............................................................................40

表目錄
表1印度洋各洋區漁獲量、努力量級單位面積CPUE比較............41
表2 印度洋國際漁業合作關係一覽..................................................41
表3 黃鰭鮪、大目鮪及長鰭鮪國際價格...........................................42

圖目錄
圖1 台灣歷年20噸以上動力漁船數量圖........................................43
圖2 黃鰭鮪歷年各國漁獲量..............................................................44
圖3 消費印度洋黃鰭鮪資源之國家比例..........................................44
圖4 大目鮪歷年各國漁獲量..............................................................45
圖5 消費印度洋大目鮪資源之國家比例...........................................45
圖6 台灣歷年四大延繩釣漁獲統計...................................................46
圖7 台灣歷於印度洋總漁獲記錄.......................................................46
圖8台灣於印度洋捕獲黃鰭鮪之歷年CPUE變動量........................47
圖9 1994年至2003年台灣於印度洋捕獲黃鰭鮪之
CPUE資料量分佈結構...............................................................47
圖10 印度洋黃鰭鮪CPUE季別分佈圖..............................................48
圖10 印度洋黃鰭鮪CPUE季別分佈圖(續1).....................................49
圖10 印度洋黃鰭鮪CPUE季別分佈圖(續2).....................................50
圖10 印度洋黃鰭鮪CPUE季別分佈圖(續3).....................................51
圖11 印度洋各洋區區塊劃分圖...........................................................52
圖12 印度洋各洋區單位面積CPUE比較...........................................52
圖13 捕撈黃鰭鮪之漁船航行軌跡分類圖：
赤道洋區經阿拉伯海回赤道洋區............................................53
圖14 捕撈黃鰭鮪之漁船航行軌跡分類圖：
赤道洋區經阿拉伯海經南印度洋回赤道洋區.........................54
圖15 捕撈黃鰭鮪之漁船航行軌跡分類圖：
赤道洋區經孟加拉灣回赤道洋區..............................................55
圖16 捕撈黃鰭鮪之漁船航行軌跡分類圖：
全年度在赤道洋區......................................................................56
圖16 捕撈黃鰭鮪之漁船航行軌跡分類圖：
全年度在赤道洋區(續)...............................................................57
圖17 捕撈大目鮪之漁船航行軌跡分類圖：
赤道洋區經阿拉伯海回赤道洋區..............................................58
圖17 捕撈大目鮪之漁船航行軌跡分類圖：
赤道洋區經阿拉伯海回赤道洋區(續).......................................59
圖18 捕撈大目鮪之漁船航行軌跡分類圖：
赤道洋區經南印度洋回赤道洋區..............................................60
圖19 捕撈大目鮪之漁船航行軌跡分類圖：
全年度在赤道洋區......................................................................61
圖19 捕撈大目鮪之漁船航行軌跡分類圖：
全年度在赤道洋區(續)...............................................................62
圖19 捕撈大目鮪之漁船航行軌跡分類圖：
全年度在赤道洋區(續)...............................................................63
圖20 黃鰭鮪月別漁船漁獲位置及漁獲比例分佈圖
－由赤道洋區經阿拉伯海.........................64
圖21 黃鰭鮪月別漁船漁獲位置及漁獲比例分佈圖
－由赤道洋區經阿拉伯海到南印度洋區...65
圖22 黃鰭鮪月別漁船漁獲位置及漁獲比例分佈圖
－赤道洋區經孟加拉灣..............................66
圖23 黃鰭鮪月別漁船漁獲位置及漁獲比例分佈圖
－全年皆在赤道洋區洋區..........................67
圖24 大目鮪月別漁船漁獲位置及漁獲比例分佈圖
－由赤道洋區經阿拉伯海..........................68
圖25 大目鮪月別漁船漁獲位置及漁獲比例分佈圖
－由赤道洋區到南印度洋區......................69
圖26 大目鮪月別漁船漁獲位置及漁獲比例分佈圖
－全年皆在赤道洋區洋區..........................70
圖27 漁船航行動態示意圖：
赤道洋區經阿拉伯海回赤道洋區............................................71
圖28 漁船航行動態示意圖：
赤道洋區經阿拉伯海經南印度洋回赤道洋區........................71
圖29 漁船航行動態示意圖：
赤道洋區經孟加拉灣回赤道洋區............................................72
圖30 漁船航行動態示意圖：赤道洋區經南印度洋回赤道洋區........72
圖31 漁船航行動態示意圖：全年度處在赤道洋區..............................73
圖32 印度洋黃鰭鮪系群示意圖............................................................73
圖33 印度洋各月份海表面水溫............................................................74

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6.3 網路參考文獻
印度洋鮪類委員會(Indian Ocean Tuna Commission , IOTC)
http://www.iotc.org/English/index.php
IOTC Nominal Catch紀錄
http://www.iotc.org/Common/NC.zip
大西洋鮪類保育委員會
http://www.iccat.int/en/
財團法人中華民國對外漁業合作發展協會
http://www.ofdc.org.tw/
台灣區鮪魚公會
http://www.tuna.org.tw/