臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究嘗試以實驗室規模之垂直流式人工濕地進行含硫酸鹽廢水處理之可行性研究。實驗場址建構於中山大學校園污水廠內，屬於室外之開放空間。本研究以四支管柱做為反應槽體，並以礫石及泥炭土做為濾料，分為植物實驗組(蘆葦)及空白對照組；操作方式分為批次滿管、連續流滿管及複合式連續流。在批次滿管之操作方式，結果顯示，在提升COD進流濃度的情況下，對於硫酸鹽的去除率具有增加之趨勢。在相同的進流水濃度情況下，連續流滿管操作方式之去除效率雖然略低於批次流滿管之操作方式，但其平均去除率亦可達80%以上，去除率最高之組別為P1(泥炭土之植物組)，平均值可達90%。以SO42--S 濃度500 mg/L之進流水而言，植物對於硫酸鹽移除之影響存在著正相關性。接著增加實驗水體之COD及硫酸鹽進流水濃度分別至4000 mg/L及1200 mg/L，比較單槽連續流處理及複合式連續流處理之差異，實驗結果顯示，採用複合式連續流處理之去除效率優於單槽連續流處理。
在深度實驗方面，以批次操作法的實驗數據顯示，在厭氧區域內，可觀察到氨氮減少的現象，表示在本實驗槽體內，氨氮之去除將不受溶氧濃度影響，推翻傳統所認知硝化作用必須在好氧情況下才會發生。但是以連續流操作方法下的實驗數據卻顯示，氨氮之去除仰賴於槽體上半部好氧區域內的硝化作用。而該數據亦顯示，當實驗槽體之還原電位達到-300 mV以下時，即可明顯觀察到硫酸鹽減少的現象，意即若能營造出厭氧還原態的環境，並提供適當濃度的碳源供硫酸還原菌利用，即可達到硫酸鹽的去除目的。
硫酸鹽的還原能力亦受到環境溫度之影響，以本研究來說，在20℃培養之環境條件下SRB活動力小於35℃之培養環境條件。

The purpose of this study is to use vertical-flow constructed wetlands (VFCW) microcosm systems to investragte the removal efficiencies of sulfate. The system was located on the campus sewage treatment plant. nn National Sun Yat-sen University. In this study, two media, gravel and peat, were installed in four different systems. The two system with same media were separated into vegetated and non-vegetated (control) ones respectively. In the test runs, the operation methods included batch type filled with water, continuous flow and integrated vertical flow constructed wetland (IVCW) with continuous flow. In batch type test, it was run under an initial concentrations of SO42--S about 500 mg/L. The experimental results showed that the removal efficiencies were increased with increasing COD concentrations. Under the same conditions but with continuous flow operation, the removal efficiencies of SO42--S were lower than the batch type one, which 80% could be reached. The best system for operation was P1 (peat with vegetated), in which the removal effciency reached 90%. The experimental results also showed that the vegetated systems presented higher removal efficiencies of sulfate than the non-vegetated ones. In addition, this research were increased the concentrations of SO42--S and COD to about 1200 mg/L and 4000 mg/L respectively. The experimental results showed that the IVCW treatment system could achived greater efficiency than VFCW treatment system.
The experimental in depth research test run indicated that the anaerobic condition did not affect the removal efficiencies of ammonia by using batch type. However, nitrification was the main reaction of ammonia to nitrate in the continuous flow type systems. When ORP values were found below the -300 mV, the sulfate began to be drcreased. It was believed that if the anaerobic condition were well be established, while the organic carbon could be contented in this system, the sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) might live, and then sulfate could be removed.
The effect of temperature on sulfate removal was generally established in this study. According to the experimental results, it was found that the activity of SRB motility was higher in higher temperature (35℃) than that in lower temperature (25℃).

目錄
第一章、前言 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 3
第二章、文獻回顧 5
2.1 生態工程介紹 5
2.2 濕地功能及其定義 6
2.3 人工濕地類型及特點 8
2.4 垂直流式人工濕地介紹 11
2.4.1 複合垂直流人工濕地 13
2.5 人工濕地營養鹽去除機制 15
2.5.1 碳 15
2.5.2 氮 17
2.5.3 磷 25
2.6 硫 27
2.6.1 影響硫酸還原菌之生長因數 27
2.6.2 硫酸鹽的生物代謝過程 30
2.6.3 二價硫與含氮化合物之去除 34
2.6.4 SRB之潛在應用 37
2.7 案例介紹 38
2.7.1 垂直流人工濕地 38
2.7.2 水平流人工濕地 39
2.7.3 相關文獻整理 42
第三章、實驗設備及分析方法 45
3.1 垂直流人工濕地系統設計 45
3.1.1 系統配置 45
3.1.2 濾料與管柱特性 46
3.2 植物選擇 50
3.3 碳源之選擇 51
3.4 背景資料及氣候分析 52
3.5 採樣頻率及操作方法 53
3.6 分析及統計方法 55
3.7 實驗設計 58
第四章、結果與討論 61
4.1 背景介紹 61
4.2 實驗各階段試程之數據分析與結果討論 62
4.2.1 第一階段試程實驗(Phase I) 62
4.2.2 第二階段試程實驗(Phase II) 65
4.2.3 第三階段試程實驗(Phase III) 68
4.2.4 第四階段試程實驗(Phase IV) 73
4.2.5 第五階段試程實驗(Phase V) 79
4.2.6 第六階段試程實驗(Phase VI) 82
4.2.7 管柱剖面深度實驗 87
4.2.8 溫度實驗 98
4.3 植物種植對於硫酸鹽移除之影響性 105
4.4 COD對於硫酸鹽移除率之影響 108
4.5 氨氮去除量與硫酸鹽去除量之相關性 112
4.6 出流水pH值與硫酸鹽去除量之關係 116
4.7 單位時間體積之營養鹽移除量 118
4.8 綜合討論 121
第五章、 結論與建議 123
5.1 結論 123
5.2 建議 125
參考文獻 127
附錄一 135
附錄二 141
附錄三 144

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