臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文旨在尋找一個特定形態，並且能夠最有效率的從波浪中擷取能量的震盪式波浪能量擷取系統之結構。此系統主要由一個浮筒、一個發電機，以及數個振動質量組成，質量以彈性彈簧與浮筒或其他質量連接，除此之外，所有元件都被膠囊狀的浮筒包覆。比較加入主動控制之系統與先前分析出的最佳結構系統在能量擷取上的表現。
在波浪為一隨機過程的假設下，藉由三個步驟探討系統的最佳結構。首先，利用頻譜分析的方式，推導能令膠囊狀的浮筒從波浪中擷取最多能量的最佳結構之數學模式，由此可得到擷取能量最大的最佳結構之動態特性。其次，分析震盪式系統的動態特性。研究藉由增加系統自由度，提供更多改變動態特性的靈活度以逼近最佳的動態特性，其中增加自由度在能量擷取上的極限尤其是研究的重點。利用遺傳基因演算法模擬不同自由度可獲得的最大擷取能量，以支持增加自由度對系統影響的分析。最後，初步研究主動控制對能量擷取的影響。
經過本研究的探討證明，兩個自由度的震盪式系統在能量擷取上已經接近最佳結構。增加的系統自由度對於改善操作頻率內的動態特性非常有限。主動控制的方式確實可以有效改善系統的動態特性，以從波浪中擷取到更多能量，但額外消耗的能量卻使淨擷取能量微不足道。

This study aims to search the optimal system structure for a specific type of oscillatory wave-energy acquisition system, which owns the highest efficiency in acquiring the energy from sea wave. The system is mainly consisted of a float, a generator and several oscillators that are connected to the float or to each other by the elastic springs. In addition, all the components are capsulated in the float. For the purpose of comparison, when aided with an active control, the acquiring efficiency of the system with a near optimal structure is analyzed.
Under the assumption of random sea wave, three steps are adopted to investigate the optimal system structure. First, the mathematical model of the capsulated float that can acquire the maxima power from sea wave is derived by the spectrum analysis. They offer the messages that what the dynamic properties of an optimal structure should be in order to acquire the maxima power. Second, the dynamic properties of the general system are analyzed. It is to examine the effect of increasing system’s degrees of freedom in offering the flexibility of varying system dynamics to match the desired ones. The limitation of increasing the degrees of freedom is especially examined. Then, the maxima attainable powers for the systems with different degrees of freedom are simulated by the genetic algorithm. It is to support the inference made from the analysis about the effect of increasing the system’s degrees of freedom. Finally, a preliminary examination of the effect of active control in power acquisition is done.
The study indicates that an oscillatory system structure with two degrees of freedom is a near optimal structure for energy acquisition. An increase of system’s degree of freedom shows little effect in improving system’s dynamic characteristics in the main frequency range of sea wave. The proposed active control scheme is shown to be effective in improving the system’s dynamic characteristics to enhance the energy acquisition from sea wave. However, the extra-energy consumed in the control action makes the increase of net energy acquisition negligible.

謝誌 I
目錄 II
圖目錄 IV
表目錄 VI
中文摘要 VII
Abstract VIII
第一章、緒論 1
1-1、研究動機與方法 1
1-2、過去震盪式系統之發展 4
1-3、內容介紹 4
第二章、最佳結構之特性 6
2-1、成為最佳結構之關鍵因素 6
2-2、最佳結構之數學推導 6
2-3、最佳結構之轉移函數特性 9
第三章、擁有最佳結構動態特性之轉移函數 11
3-1、理論上擁有最佳結構動態特性之轉移函數 11
3-2、逼近最佳結構之動態特性的條件 13
第四章、震盪式系統之數學模型 16
4-1、震盪式系統之系統結構 16
4-2、系統動態行為模型建立 17
4-3、影響浮筒運動與參數假設之效應 19
第五章、震盪式系統之最佳結構 22
5-1、震盪式系統之能量擷取表現 22
5-2、震盪式系統能量擷取之瓶頸 23
5-3、極零點不完全重合之情況 28
第六章、主動式結構之回授控制系統 30
6-1、主動控制系統之設計概念 30
6-2、主動控制系統之分析與表現 31
第七章、總結與未來展望 34
7-1、各章節總結 34
7-2、未來展望 36
參考文獻 38
附錄一 40
附錄二 43
附錄三 46
附錄四 49

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