臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於高科技產業之興起，自動化設備大量使用於工業界，所以電力品質的要求也越來越高，而在電力系統中常見的電壓驟降及電壓不平衡情形，通常是由劇烈變動之高功率負載或系統故障等原因所引起，往往會導致自動化設備的損壞或誤動作。靜態同步補償器具有動態響應速度快、電流諧波含量小、裝置體積小等優點，而對於電力品質問題有非常良好的改善效果。
本論文探討靜態同步補償器，在系統平衡與不平衡情況下的控制策略，以電壓源變流器為基礎，建立三相110V 1KVA之小型實驗室雛型平台，完成相關控制策略之設計，並以電磁暫態模擬器PSCAD軟體模擬與硬體實驗交互驗證，以確保控制系统的有效性。理論部分將利用同步旋轉座標，建立靜態同步補償器在旋轉座標下的正、負序之動態模型，確保於系統責任分界點發生平衡與不平衡電壓驟降、或平衡與不平衡負載切換時，負載匯流排之電壓支持策略。控制策略應用內外雙迴圈之解耦閉迴路控制架構：內迴圈完成電流命令追蹤，外迴圈完成匯流排交流電壓與電壓源變流器直流鏈電壓命令追蹤。軟體模擬與硬體實作驗證該控制架構優異之穩態與暫態性能。
關鍵詞: 電壓驟降、電壓不平衡、電力品質、靜態同步補償器、同步旋轉座標理論、內外雙迴圈之解耦閉迴路控制、實驗室雛型平台。

Due to heavily load fluctuations or unexpected faults in power systems, voltage sags and unbalanced problems are one of the important issues for power distribution systems, especially for sensitive loads such as high-tech industrial parks. In recent years, due to rapid development of high-power electronics technology, it is possible to provide such voltage supports during the very short transient period by installing Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOMs). When either the balanced or unbalanced voltage sag occurs in the point of common connection (PCC) of the system, or loads switching in the load bus, this STATCOM will provide adequate voltage supports.
This thesis will report hardware implementations of a small laboratory-scale STATCOM. The rating of this three-phase STATCOM is 110 V, and 1 KVA. By applying the Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) theory, the mathematical model of the STATCOM under the positive sequence and the negative sequence are described. The inner/outer two-loop decoupled control strategy is explored. The inner loop control is for the current command tracking while the outer loop control is for the bus AC voltage and the DC-link voltage control. The proposed control configuration has been validated under PSCAD simulations and hardware laboratory implementations. Experimental works on various operating conditions have been conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

Keywords: Voltage Sags, Unbalanced Systems, Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF), Decoupled Control, Laboratory Platform Implementations.

摘要
Abstract
誌謝
目錄
圖目錄
表目錄
符號說明
英文縮寫對照表
第一章 緒論
1.1 研究動機
1.2 相關文獻回顧
1.3 本論文主要貢獻
1.4 論文內容概述
第二章 靜態同步補償器(STATCOM)
2.1 前言
2.2 STATCOM基本原理
2.2.1 STATCOM之電路架構
2.2.2 STATCOM之工作原理
2.3 VSI參數選取
2.3.1 額定補償容量選取
2.3.2 直流側電壓選取
2.3.3 直流電容選取
2.4 靜態同步補償器實驗平台概述
2.4.1 實驗平台之系統架構
2.4.1.1 感測板之功能
2.4.1.2 保護板之功能
2.4.1.3 數位訊號處理器(DSP)
2.4.1.4 可程式化邏輯元件(CPLD)
2.4.2 IGBT Power模組與Gate driver
2.4.2.1 IGBT Power模組
2.4.2.2 IGBT Power模組設計修改
2.4.2.3 Gate Driver功能說明及線路配置
2.4.2.4 柔充( Soft-Start)電路設計
2.4.3 電壓驟降產生器(VSG)
2.4.3.1 電壓驟降產生器之分類
2.4.3.2 電壓驟降產生器製作
2.5 本章結論
第三章 STATCOM於平衡系統之應用
3.1 前言
3.1.1 空間相量定義
3.1.2 空間相量於αβ靜止框表示
3.1.3 空間相量於dq同步框表示
3.2 平衡系統
3.2.1 數學模型
3.2.2 解耦合電流控制
3.2.3 直流側動態分析
3.3 模擬與實驗結果
3.3.1 案例一:負載端電壓穩態補償實驗
3.3.2 案例二:電源端電壓驟降補償實驗
3.3.3 案例三:負載變動補償實驗
3.4 本章結論
第四章 STATCOM於不平衡系統之應用
4.1 前言
4.2 不平衡率之定義
4.3 數學模型
4.3.1 正負序分離方法
4.3.2 解耦合電流控制
4.3.3 直流側動態分析
4.4 模擬與實驗
4.4.1 案例一:線路阻抗不平衡穩態補償實驗
4.4.2 案例二:系統投入不平衡負載補償實驗
4.4.3 案例三:線路阻抗不平衡下投入不平衡負載補償實驗
4.4.4 案例四:電源端單相電壓驟降補償實驗
4.4.5 案例五:單相負載變動補償實驗
4.5 本章結論
第五章 結論與展望
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