摘要

綠色採購是綠色供應鏈的重要元素及主要的驅動力。過去的研究偏重在找出組織採用綠色採購的趨動因素及障礙因素。然而，列出這些趨動因素及障礙因素並不能提供一個可以解釋組織採用綠色採購的決定與行為的模型。因此，在本研究中將建立一個組織採用綠色採購的理論模型。我們的理論模型特別是根據創新擴散理論與科技、組織與環境框架理論(TOE)來建立。最後，我們以一家歐系的電子領導品牌公司的個案研究來說明我們提出的理論模型。

ABSTRACT

Green purchasing is recognized as an essential aspect and a key driving force of green supply chain management. Prior studies mainly focus on identifying drivers and barriers of organizational green purchasing adoption. However, the list of drivers and barriers does not provide a model capable of explaining the decision and behavior of adopting green purchasing by organizations. Therefore, this research attempts to develop a theoretical model on organizational green purchasing adoption. Specifically, our development of the theoretical model is built on the Diffusion of Innovation Theory and the Technology, Organization, and Environment (TOE) framework. Finally, we conduct a case study on a European based electronic leading company to illustrate our proposed theoretical model.

Table of Content

ABSTRACT (Chinese) ………………………………………………Ⅱ

ABSTRACT (English) ……………………………………………Ⅲ

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………………………………………………… Ⅳ

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background …………………………………………… 1
1.2 Research Motivation and Objective ………………… 4
1.3 Organization of the Thesis …………………………… 5

CHAPTER 2 LITE9RITURE REVIEW
2.1 Supply Chain and Green Supply Chain ………………… 6
2.2 Green Purchasing …………………………………………8
2.3 Drivers & Barriers of Green Purchasing ………………10
2.4 Green Purchasing Practices ……………………………14

CHAPTER 3 MODEL DEVELOPMENT
3.1 Diffusion of Innovation Theory & TOE Framework…… 16
3.2 Green Purchasing Adoption Model …………………… 18

CHAPTER 4 CASE STUDY
4.1 Overview ………………………………………… 25
4.2 Case Study: Considering the Example of a Leading
Europe-Based Electronic Company ………… 26

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION ………………………………………… 40

REFERENCES ………………………………………………………… 42

List of Tables

Table 2-1 Definitions of Green Supply Chain
Management (GSCM) ……………………………………… 7
Table 2-2 Definitions of Green Purchasing …………… 9
Table 2-3 Internal Drivers of Green Purchasing ………… 10
Table 2-4 External Drivers of Green Purchasing ………… 11
Table 2-5 Barriers of Green Purchasing …………………… 14
Table 2-6 Green Purchasing Practices …………………… 14
Table 3-1 Operationalization of Constructs in the
Perceived Benefits of Innovation Dimension
…………………………………………………………… 20
Table 3-2 Operationalization of Constructs in the
Organization Readiness Dimension …………………21
Table 3-3 Operationalization of Constructs in the
Environment Dimension …………………………… 22
Table 3-4 Operationalization of Green Purchasing Adoption
……………………………………………………………24
Table 4-1 A COMPANY Green Milestones……………………………31
Table 4-2 A COMPANY – Taiwan Office Green Milestones…… 36
Table 4-3 A COMPANY Green Purchasing Level: A-HQ (EU)
vs. A-TW ……………………………………………38

List of Figures

Figure 3-1 Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) framework……… 17
Figure 3-2 Technology, Environment, and Organization (TOE)
Framework ………………………………………… 18
Figure 3-3 Green Purchasing Adoption Model ……………… 19
Figure 4-1 Green Purchasing Adoption Model with Annotation
…………………………………………………………30

References
Anderson, P. (1983). Decision making by objection and the Cuban missile crisis. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28, 201-222.

Basel Convention. http://www.basel.int/.

Bowen, F, Cousins, P, Lamming, R, and Faruk, A. (2001). Horses for courses: explaining the gap between the theory and practice of green supply. Greener Management International, 35 (Autumn), 41-60.

Carter, C. and Carter, J. (1998). Interorganizational determinants of environmental purchasing: Initial evidence from the consumer products industries. Decision Sciences, 29 (3), 659-684.

Carter, C. and Ellram, L. (1998). Reverse logistics: A review of the literature and framework for future investigation. Journal of Business Logistics, 19 (1), 85-102.

Carter, C., Ellram, L., and Ready, K. (1998). Environmental purchasing: benchmarking our German counterparts. International Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 34 (4), 28-38.

Cooper, R., Frank, G., and Kemp, R. (2000). A multinational comparison of key ethical issues, helps and challenges in the purchasing and supply management profession: The key implications for business and the professions. Journal of Business Ethics, 23, 83-100.

del Brio, J.A. and Junquera, B. (2003). Influence of the perception of the external environmental pressures on obtaining the ISO 14001 standard in Spanish industrial companies. International Journal of Production Research, 41 (2), 337-348.

Drumwright, M. (1994). Socially responsible organisational buying: Environmental concern as a non-economic buying criteria. Journal of Marketing, 58 (July), 1-19.

Eisenhardt, K.M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. Academy of Management Review, 14 (4), 532-550.

European Commission Environment, EU Waste Legislation, http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/legislation/index.htm.
Flyvbjerg, B. (2006). Five misunderstandings about case study research. Qualitative Inquiry, 12 (2), 219-245.

Gersick, C. (1988). Time and transition in work teams: Toward a new model of group development. Academy of Management Journal, 31, 9-41.

Green, K., Morton, B., and New, S. (1996). Purchasing and environmental management: Interactions, policies and opportunities. Business Strategy and the Environment, 5, 188-97.

Hall, J. (2001). Environmental supply chain innovation. Greener Management International, 35, 105-119.

Handfield, R.B. and Nichols, E.L. (1999). Introduction to Supply Chain Management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Harris, S. and Sutton, R. (1986). Functions of parting ceremonies in dying organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 29, 5-30.

Hischier, R., Wäger, P., and Gauglhofer, J. (2005). Does WEEE recycling make sense from an environmental perspective? The environmental impacts of the Swiss take-back and recycling systems for waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 25 (5), 525-539.

Hsu, P.F., Kraemer, K.L., and Dunkle, D. (2006). Determinants of e-business use in U.S. firms. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 10(4), 9-45.

Kidder, T. (1981). The Soul of New Machine. New York: Avon Books.

Klassen, R. and McLaughlin, C. (1996). The impact of environmental management on firm’s performance. Management Science, 42 (8), 1199-1214.

Klassen, R.D. and Vachon, S. (2003). Collaboration and evaluation in the supply chain: The impact on plant-level environmental investment. Production & Operations Management, 12 (3), 336-352.

Lamming, R. and Hampson, J. (1996). The environment as a supply chain management issue. British Journal of Management, 7 (1), S45-S62.

Messelbeck, J. and Whaley, M. (1999). Greening the health care supply chain: Triggers of change, models for success. Corporate Environmental Strategy, 6 (1), 39-45.

Min, H. and Galle, W.P. (1997). Green purchasing strategies: Trends and implications. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 33 (3), 10-17.

Min, H. and Galle, W.P. (2001). Green purchasing practices of US firms. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 21 (9), 1222-1238.
Narasimhan, R. and Carter, J. (1998). Environmental supply chain management. Working paper, The Center for Advanced Purchasing Studies. Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ.
New, S., Green, K., and Morton, B. (2000). Buying the environment: The multiple meanings of green supply. In: Fineman, S. (Ed.), The Business of Greening. Routledge, London, 33-53.

Pinfield, L. (1986). A field evaluation of perspectives on organizational decision making. Administrative Science Quarterly, 31, 365-388.

Porter, M.E. and van der Linde, C. (1995). Green and competitive. Harvard Business Review, 73 (5), 120-134.

Prescott, M.B. (1995). Diffusion of innovation theory: Borrowings, extensions and modifications from IT researchers. Data Base, 26 (2/3), 16-19.

Robinson, A. and Strandberg, C. (2007). Sustainability purchasing trend and drivers. Sustainability Purchasing Network (SPN), 2007, 12.

Rogers, E.M. (1995). Diffusion of Innovations (4th Ed). New York: Free Press.
Sarkis, J. (1999). How green is the supply chain? Practice and research. Working Paper, Graduate School of Management, Clark University.
Supply-Chain Council. Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) Model, version 9.0. http://supply-chain.org/.
Shepard, J. and Greene, R.W. (2003). Sociology and You. Ohio: Glencoe McGraw-Hill, A-22.
Srivastava, S.K. (2007). Green supply-chain management: A state-of-the-art literature review. International Journal of Management Reviews, 9 (1), 53-80.

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, http://chm.pops.int/Convention/tabid/54/language/en-US/Default.asp.

Tornatzky, L.G. and Fleischer, M. (1990). The Processes of Technological Innovation. Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington Books.

United Nations Environment Programme (2009). Handbook for the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (8th Ed). http://www.unep.ch/ozone/Publications/MP_Handbook/MP-Handbook-2009.pdf

United Nations Environmental Programme - Backgrounder: An overview of the Montreal Protocol's progress to date, http://www.unep.ch/ozone/Events/ozone_day_2008/press_backgrounder.pdf.

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Kyoto Protocol, http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/items/2830.php.

United States Environmental Protection Agency, US EPA Laws and Regulations, http://www.epa.gov/lawsregs/.

United States Environmental Protection Agency (2000). The Lean and Green Supply Chain: A Practical Guide for Materials Managers and Supply Chain Managers. http://www.epa.gov/oppt/ppic/pubs/lean.pdf.

Vachon, S. and Klassen, R. (2006). Extending green practices across the supply chain: The impact of upstream and downstream integration. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 26 (7), 795-821.

van Hoek, R.I. (1999). From reversed logistics to green supply chains. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 4 (3), 129-134.

Walkera, H., Sistob, L.D., and McBai, D. (2008). Drivers and barriers to environmental supply chain management practices: Lessons from the public and private sectors. Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management, 14, 69-85.

Walton, S.V., Handfield R.B., and Melnyk, S.A. (1998). The green supply chain: Integrating suppliers into environmental management processes. International Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 34 (2), 2-11.

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE) and Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS), http://www.weeeregistration.com/index.html.

Wycherley, I. (1999). Greening supply chains: the case of the Body Shop International. Business Strategy and the Environment, 8, 120-127.

Yin, R.K. (2006). Case study methods. In: Handbook of Complementary Methods in Education Research, Chapter 6, 113.

Yin, R.K. (2009). Case Study Research: Design and Methods (4th Ed). California: SAGE Publications.

Zhu, Q. and Sarkis, J. (2004). Relationships between operational practices and performance among early adopters of green supply chain management practices in Chinese manufacturing enterprises. Journal of Operations Management, 22, 265-289

Zhu, Q. and Sarkis, J. (2006). An inter-sectoral comparison of green supply chain management in China: drivers and practices. Journal of Cleaner Production, 14 (5), 472-486.

Zhu, Q., Sarkis, J., and Lai, K.H. (2008). Confirmation of a measurement model for green supply chain management practices implementation. International Journal of Production Economics, 111 (2), 261-273.

Zhu, Q., Sarkis, J., and Geng, Y. (2005). Green supply chain management in China: Pressures, practices and performance. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 25 (5), 449-468.

Zsidisin, G.A. and Siferd, S.P. (2001). Environmental purchasing: A framework for theory development. European Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management, 7, 61-73.