臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要發展奈米線、奈米管、奈米顆粒等材料，並將之應用於染製作料敏化太陽能電池的陽極與陰極。我們利用Polyo製程成長出一維結構的銀奈米線，進一步利用合成好的銀奈米線為模板以氧化還原的方法將金離子還原在銀線的表面形成一維中空或多孔結構的金奈米管線，並藉由SEM、TEM與XRD分析了解其反應成長的機制。另外我們也利用不同的包覆劑(CTAB與SDS)合成出具有分支狀結構的銀奈米線。我們將上述合成的奈米複合材料混合二氧化鈦商用奈米粒子(P25)，並經燒結製作染料敏化太陽能電池的陽極。研究結果顯示有參入奈米線的太陽能電池其效率由3.8 %提升至4.8 %；參入有25 %取代量(金取代銀)的金-銀奈米管線的太陽能電池其效率由4.1 %提升至4.9 %；參入有50 %取代量的金奈米管線的太陽能電池其效率由4.1 %提升至4.5 %；參入有100 %取代量的金奈米管線的太陽能電池其效率由4.1 %提升至4.3 %。研究顯示雖然用金原子取代銀原子的奈米管線可增加長波長的光吸收，但可能因取代作用形成多孔隙且多晶形的奈米管線具有許多晶界及缺陷，反而影響電子傳導，對效率的提升反而比不上純銀奈米線的提升效果。

我們亦發展製作具核殼結構的鉑釕觸媒(Rucore-Ptshell)奈米粒子用於製作染料敏化太陽能電池的陰極，研究結果發現使用薄殼的奈米觸媒粒子作為陰極相較於使用純白金電極可大幅提升染料敏化太陽能電池的效率，率可由4.3 %提升至5.7 %，利用循環伏安法曉得此類觸媒對於I2/I3-的催化作用遠高於純白金粒子的催化反應，因此可提高染料敏化太陽能電池的效率。

In this study, we have synthesized gold-silver nanowires, and Ru-Pt core-shell nanoparticles material for applications in dye-sensitized solar cell. First, we used Polyol process to synthesis silver nanowires. The synthesized silver nanowires were used as templates to synthesize porus gold-silver nanostructured wires by reducing gold ions on the surface of silver nanowires. The synthesized gold-silver nanowires were studied by SEM, TEM, and XRD for structural characterization. Fractal-like silver nanomaterials were also synthesized using mixed surfactants of CTAB and SDS. In this study, DSSC anode was fabricated by mixing the commercial titanium dioxide nanoparticles (P25) with the synthesized metallic nanomaterial. It was found that the efficiency of the DSSC with the addition of gold-silver nanowires in the adode could increase from 4.1% to 4.8% for silver nanowires, 4.1% to 4.9% for the 25% replacement nanowires (silver replaced by gold), 4.1% to 4.5% for the 50% replacement nanowires, and 4.1% to 4.3% for 100% replacement nanowires. Although porus gold-silver nanowires have broader and higher absorption spectra at long wavelength, the porus gold-silver nanowires have grain-like structures with many crystal boundaries and defects. These drawbacks might reduce the efficiency of the electron transportation. The overall efficiency may be slightly higher by using the 25% replacement nanowires, and gets worse with 50% and 100% replacement nanowires.
Also, we have synthesized Ru-Pt core-shell catalysts (Rucore-Ptshell) to be used for the DSSC cathode. By using the Ru-Pt core-shell catalysts as the DSSC cathode could significantly enhance the efficiency as compared with the Pt nanoparticle cathode. By using Ru-Pt core-shell catalysts as the cathode, the DSSC efficiency can be increased from 4.3% to 5.7%. By cyclic voltammetry, we found that the Ru-Pt core-shell catalysts could significantly enhance I2/I3- catalysis that the Pt nanoparticles catalysts.

摘要……………………………………………………………….………I
致謝……………………………………………………………………V
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………..IX
表目錄………………………………………………………………...XVI

第一章 緒論………………………………………………………. 1
1-1 簡介……………………………………………………………. 1
1-1-1 太陽能電池分類………………………………………… 1
1-1-2 染料敏化太陽能電池結構與原理……………………… 4
1-1-3 多孔性二氧化鈦薄膜陽極……………………………… 6
1-1-4 染料敏化劑……………………………………………… 8
1-1-5 電解液………………………………………………….. 10
1-1-6 白金對電極…………………………………………….. 11
1-2 研究動機……………………………………………….. 12

第二章 文獻回顧…………………………………………….... 13
2-1 奈米線/奈米顆粒複合電極……………………………….. 13
2-2 奈米金屬應用於染料敏化太陽能電池…………………. 17
2-3 製備奈米金屬線/金屬管………………………………….. 20
2-3-1 合成一維結構之銀奈米線……………………………. 20
2-3-2 以銀奈米線為模板合成金奈米管………………….. 24
2-4 sol-gel 法製備二氧化鈦薄膜…………………………... 27

第三章 實驗方法………………………………….…………. 30
3-1 實驗藥品……………………………………………………. 30
3-2 實驗儀器……………………………………………………… 32
3-2-1 掃描式電子顯微鏡…………………………………… 32
3-2-2 穿透式電子顯微鏡…………………………………. 34
3-2-3 X光粉末繞射儀………………………………………. 35
3-2-4 紫外光吸收光譜………………………………………. 37
3-2-5 太陽光模擬器…………………………………………. 37
3-2-6 全波段入射光子轉換效率光度計(IPCE)…………... 38
3-2-7 AC交流阻抗…………………………………………… 39
3-3 實驗流程……………………………………………………… 42
3-3-1 polyo process合成銀奈米線…………………………… 42
3-3-2 以銀奈米線為模板合成金奈米管…………….….…. 43
3-3-3 合成分支狀結構之銀奈米線………………………….. 44
3-3-4 包覆二氧化鈦膠體於銀奈米線……………………….. 45
3-3-5 組裝染料敏化太陽能電池…………………………... 45
第四章 實驗結果與討論…………………………………... 48
4-1 銀奈米線與金奈米管之製備……………………………… 48
4-1-1 晶種濃度對銀奈米線之影響…………………………. 48
4-1-2 以銀奈米線為模板合成金奈米管………………….. 50
4-2 合成分支狀結構之銀奈米線……………………………… 56
4-3 組裝染料敏化太陽能電池………………………………… 59
4-3-1 參雜銀奈米線對染料敏化太陽能電池之影響…….. 60
4-3-2 長時間量測電池效率之變化……………………….. 64
4-3-3 參雜分支狀銀奈米線對染料敏化太陽能電池之影響.. 72
4-3-4 參雜金奈米管對染料敏化太陽能電池之影響…….. 74
4-4 鉑釕對電極…………………………………………………… 77

第五章 結論………………………………………………………. 82
參考文獻………………………………………………….………. 84
附錄………………………………………………………………... 87

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