臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文利用歐盟越波手冊(EurOtop，2007)之公式並結合SWAN波浪模式模擬堤趾波浪條件，針對國內常見的複合式海堤探討其在颱風期間越波量計算適用性。SWAN模式輸入CCMP(Cross-Calibrated Mutli-Platform)海面風場並採用Alves and Banner(2003)白沫消散項理論改善模擬颱風波浪週期低估之問題。
應用歐盟越波手冊公式與水利署(2007a,b)針對屏東海堤之模型試驗資料分析其在複合式海堤之計算結果，發現歐盟越波手冊以平均坡度的作法所計算的溯升高會與淺水坡度較平緩的試驗值差異較大。此外，在試驗水位+0.91m較水位+1.50m時的越波量計算結果相對良好，並與該報告書所推估的珍珠颱風越波量僅差約16%。模擬2001年尤特颱風於屏東番子崙海堤所造成的越波量，與CEM(Coastal Engineering Manual)的可允許越波量比較，判斷該海堤足以抵擋波浪衝擊並保護堤後之行人安全，但不保證行車安全。藉由調整公式輸入參數對越波量的影響發現，當堤前拋石或消波塊因故造成粗糙修正係數 降低，最大越波量分別會增加7.9倍與32.7倍；若是原先最大越波發生時刻同時發生最大暴潮，其越波量會增加3.9倍；堤頂高程由設計的+6.0m降至目前的+5.72m，最大越波量增加約1倍。

In present study, the recently established formulae in European Overtopping Manual (EurOtop，2007) were adopted with SWAN wave model to simulate wave overtopping over commonly seen composite seawalls in the typhoon periods. The ocean surface wind velocity by CCMP(Cross-Calibrated oasMutli-Platform) and Alves and Banner (2003) white capping wave dissipation are adopted in SWAN simulation. It is found that the generally encountered under-estimation of wave period has been greatly improved.
Results by formulae of the European Overtopping Manual are further compared with the model experiment of Pingtung seawall by Water Resources Agency to evaluate the applicability to composite seawalls. The results showed that, run-ups predictions by EurOtop formulae in cases with flat slope beaches in shallow waters are quite different from the experimental measurements. In addition, for the case with water level +0.91m, both predictions and measurements are quite close to each other. The differences of estimated overtopping by Typhoon Chanchu only amount to about 16%. However, for tests with water level +1.50 m the calculations have demonstrated that the differences could be even higher. The simulations of the overtopping discharge due to Typhoon Utor (2001) in Pingtung Fanzilun seawall have illustrated that the seawalls could withstand the wave impact and protect the pedestrians on and after the seawall according to CEM(Coastal Engineering Manual, 2003),. Effects of the adjusted structure parameters on the overtopping discharges are further discussed. It is found that the riprap beach or the armour units comes across the accident to rcaduce roughness . The maximum overtopping discharges will increase by 7.9 times and 32.7 times. In cases at the maximum overtopping occurring with the spring tide, the maximum overtopping will increase by 3.9 times. In the case design with crest elevation of +6.0 m, the lower down of seawall crest to elevation of +5.72 m, the resulting overtopping discharge will increase about 1 times.

致謝 I
摘要 II
Abstract III
目錄 V
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 X
第一章 序論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 研究方法 2
1.3 本文組織 2
第二章 文獻回顧與研究區域介紹 3
2.1 文獻回顧 3
2.1.1 SWAN波浪模式 3
2.1.2 複合式海堤 4
2.2 研究區域介紹 6
第三章 颱風波浪模擬 12
3.1 SWAN波浪模式 12
3.1.1 模式簡介 12
3.1.2 模式設定 12
3.2 模式特性評估 15
3.2.1 颱風資料分析 15
3.2.2 風場資料分析 18
3.2.3 白沫消散項分析 26
3.3 小結 31
第四章 歐盟越波手冊公式評估比較 32
4.1 溯升與越波公式簡介 32
4.2 與水利署(2007,a)溯升試驗之比較 37
4.2.1 簡介 37
4.2.2 比較方法 39
4.2.3 結果與討論 43
4.3 與水利署(2007,b)溯升與越波試驗之比較 50
4.3.1 簡介 50
4.3.2 比較方法 53
4.3.3 結果與討論 55
第五章 颱風案例越波量模擬 61
5.1 颱風介紹 61
5.2 計算參數設定 62
5.3 計算結果與分析 69
第六章 結論與建議 76
6.1 結論 76
6.2 建議 78
參考文獻 79
附錄A SWAN模式輸出之其它週期 82
附錄B 提前SWAN模式模擬之測試 86
附錄C 歐盟越波手冊溯升與越波公式 90
附錄D 溯升與越波之計算參數 100

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