臺灣屬四面環海地形，容易造成鹽分附著在建築物的表面，而鋼筋混凝土結構物易受氯離子的侵蝕，當氯離子突破混凝土保護層而接觸到鋼筋，則會使鋼筋開始鏽蝕，導致結構物強度及服務年限下降。但國內對於氯鹽造成結構物腐蝕影響的參考數據和研究相對較缺乏，本研究主要以鹽霧氣候試驗室來探討混凝土耐久性之試驗，透過加速劣化的過程讓氯離子能迅速的滲入混凝土內部，並分析混凝土於不同配比及爐石掺料取代下的氯離子滲入行為，再利用Fick第二定律與試驗結果即可求得氯離子於混凝土中的擴散係數。
由實驗結果可知，若要使氯離子擴散係數降低，可透過降低混凝土水灰比、增加爐石掺料、增加養護時間，透過水泥的水化反應、爐石掺料的卜作嵐反應和顆粒堆積效應，使混凝土試體的孔隙結構更加緻密，氯離子更不易滲入混凝土內部。
一方面可透過加速試驗加速得知鋼筋混凝土接觸到氯離子的劣化反應行為，另一方面與現地試驗結果相互對照，可得到一預測模型，透過實驗所得之氯離子擴散係數來預測現地曝放試體的氯離子滲入行為，提前對結構物做合理服務年限之推估，不過建議若能收集到現地曝放更長期試驗數據，以及增加加速試驗之試驗齡期，則可大幅提昇預測之精準度。

誌謝 I
摘要 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 X
照片目錄 XIV
第一章 緒論 - 1 -
1.1 研究動機與目的 - 1 -
1.2 研究方法與內容 - 2 -
第二章 文獻回顧 - 4 -
2.1 混凝土的孔隙結構- 4 -
2.1.1 孔隙結構 - 4 -
2.1.2 水泥的水化機理- 5 -
2.1.3 水灰比與水化時間對孔隙結構的影響- 6 -
2.1.4 礦物摻料對孔隙結構的影響- 7 -
2.2 混凝土中的氯離子傳輸行為- 8 -
2.2.1 氯離子的來源與存在型態- 8 -
2.2.2 氯離子的傳輸途徑 - 9 -
2.2.3 氯離子擴散係數 - 11 -
2.2.4 擴散係數隨齡期之演化 - 13 -
2.3 鋼筋腐蝕的原理 - 14 -
2.3.1 鹽害成因之判斷： - 14 -
2.3.2 氯鹽的侵蝕 - 15 -
2.4 爐石混凝土之性質 - 17 -
2.4.1 卜作嵐材料 - 17 -
2.4.2 爐石的成分性質 - 19 -
2.4.3 爐石的水化反應機理 - 20 -
2.4.4 爐石對混凝土性質的影響- 21 -
2.5 氯離子耐久性相關試驗- 24 -
2.5.1 氯離子含量的量測- 24 -
2.5.2 鹽池試驗(Ponding Test)- 26 -
2.5.3 快速氯離子穿透試驗（RCPT）- 26 -
2.5.4 加速氯離子傳輸試驗（ACMT）- 27 -
2.6 鹽霧試驗 - 28 -
2.6.1 鹽霧試驗的介紹- 28 -
2.6.2 電位滴定法 - 29 -
2.6.3 混凝土在鹽霧試驗下的行為- 30 -
第三章 實驗計畫 - 32 -
3.1 實驗內容 - 32 -
3.2 混凝土配比與實驗設計- 32 -
3.2.1 組成材料 - 32 -
3.2.2 配比設計 - 33 -
3.2.3 實驗變數 - 33 -
3.3 實驗儀器與設備 - 34 -
3.4 試驗內容與方法 - 36 -
3.4.1 混凝土拌合試驗過程- 36 -
3.4.2 鹽霧試驗試驗過程- 36 -
3.4.3 分層全斷面磨粉試驗過程- 37 -
3.4.4 電位滴定試驗過程- 38 -
第四章 試驗結果與討論- 40 -
4.1 前言 - 40 -
4.2 實驗乾濕循環條件- 40 -
4.2.1 水灰比之效應 - 41 -
4.2.2 爐石取代之效應- 42 -
4.2.3 試驗齡期之效應- 44 -
4.2.4 預測模式- 45 -
4.3 長期濱海環境曝放條件- 46 -
4.3.1 現地試驗之結果- 46 -
4.3.2 鑽心試體之加速試驗- 47 -
4.3.3 結果之比較 - 48 -
4.4 綜合分析比較 - 50 -
4.4.1 試驗方法之討論- 50 -
4.4.2 計算方式之討論- 51 -
4.4.3 綜合分析 - 52 -
第五章 結論與建議 - 54 -
5.1 結論 - 54 -
5.2 建議 - 56 -
參考文獻 - 58 -

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