本論文以規範變遷的角度去探討鄉村社區的治理與永續發展，主要的討論集中社區規範如何在空間利用與產業發展上(不)發揮作用，並透過分析觀察以及訪談得來的資料釐清規範變遷的背景、情形與影響。
戰後以來，溝皂的經濟型態越來越走向理性化，經濟決策越來越被視為個體的行為選擇，而社區的框架在交通與通訊的發展的情況下漸漸模糊，內部成員的歧異與不均質也使得規範內容缺乏共識，而缺乏有效的社區規範將使社區意識與社會資本難以累積。
簡單來說，溝皂有關空間與產業的規範在形式與內容上有三項主要的變遷：一、規範的原則從在地的風俗習慣走向資源管理與現代生產的邏輯；二、國家角色與正式法令的重要性提升；三、規範的形塑方式從生活習得變成需要有意識地大量溝通成本來建構。筆者於2009年7月開始進入田野地---溝皂，當時溝皂正在發生皮革工廠汙染事件，事件的處理過程諸如里民大會、公部門與各種非正式的互相影響都不十分順利，溝皂社區環境自救會的出現與失敗更徹底顯示出既有社區規範的不足與重新建構的可能性。
最後，在本論文的結論部分指出鄉村社區必須發展其治理能力，產業利益與成員福祉能被全面地評估討論並形成運作的規範原則，才可能持續累積成員的社區意識與社區整體的社會資本，有助於鄉村社區的永續發展。

目 錄
謝誌............................................................................................................I
中文摘要...................................................................................................II
英文摘要..................................................................................................III
目錄..........................................................................................................IV
第壹章 緒論............................................................................................1
第一節 研究背景............................................................................1
第二節 研究動機與目的................................................................3
第三節 論文章節安排....................................................................4
第貳章 文獻探討....................................................................................5
第一節 鄉村的社會變遷................................................................5
第二節 鄉村社區的規範…............................................................9
第三節 社區意識與社會資本......................................................15
第四節 小結..................................................................................22
第參章 研究設計..................................................................................23
第一節 社區個案研究..................................................................23
第二節 田野地點說明..................................................................25
第三節 研究流程..........................................................................29
第四節 資料的蒐集與分析..........................................................30
第肆章 戰後溝皂的變遷......................................................................34
第一節 產業的變遷......................................................................34
第二節 交通、資訊與價值觀的變遷..........................................41
第三節 社區結構的變遷..............................................................45
第伍章 溝皂規範變遷之探討..............................................................53
第一節 結構變遷的背景..............................................................53
第二節 規範變遷的情形..............................................................60
第陸章 過程-事件分析：皮革工廠汙染事件.....................................63
第一節 個體行為？設廠與經營..................................................64
第二節 逐漸浮現的外部性..........................................................67
第三節 缺乏社區架構的行動：抱怨、自救會與公部門..........71
第四節 事件過程中的關係變化..................................................83
第五節 小結..................................................................................87
第柒章 結論..........................................................................................88
第一節 結果與討論......................................................................88
第二節 未來研究建議..................................................................90
參考文獻..................................................................................................91
附錄........................................................................................................101
附錄一 訪問大綱........................................................................101
附錄二 訪談對象列表................................................................102
附錄三 溝皂歷史年表................................................................103

中文部份
王明珂(1995)群眾口述歷史的資料蒐集與分析。質化研究與專業實踐系列研討會論文集。台北：輔仁大學應用心理系。
仇德哉(1989) 北港鎮志。雲林：北港鎮公所。
矢內原忠雄著、林明德譯(2004)日本帝國主義下的台灣。台北：吳三連台灣史料基金會
林南(2007)社會資本理論與研究簡介。社會科學論叢1(1):1-32。
施威全(1996)地方派系。台北：揚智。
施添福(1999)台灣的人口移動和雙元性服務部門。南投：台灣省文獻委員會。
涂爾幹著、王了一譯(1966)社會分工論。台北：商務。
桑敦(James. W. Zander)著、彭懷恩譯(1992)社會學Q&A。台北：風雲論壇。
威廉．哈維蘭(William A. Haviland)著、王銘銘譯(1987)當代人類學。上海：上海人民出版社。
陳其南(1987)台灣的傳統中國社會。台北：允晨。
陳國川(1982)農村工業區對鄉村地區人口就業及外流的影響。國立台灣師範大學地理學研究報告8。
葉肅科(2006) 新移民女性人權問題： 社會資本／融合觀點。應用倫理研究通訊39:33-45。
亞倫．強森(Allen G. Johnson)著、成令方等人譯(2003)見樹又見林。台北：群學。
孫立平(2001)國家-農民的實踐型態─試論「過程-事件分析」方式。經濟管理文摘19。
徐震(1992)社區與社區發展。台北：正中。
－(2007)徐震教授論社區工作，台北：松慧。
莊芳榮(1991)臺灣地區寺廟發展之研究。台北：台灣學生書局。
莊淑姿(2001)台灣鄉村發展類型之研究。台北：台灣大學農業推廣研究所之未出版博士論文。
湯京平(2002) 環境保護與地方政治：北高兩市環保官員對於影響執法因素的認知調查。台灣政治學刊6:138-183。
楊懋春(1970)台灣土地改革對鄉村社會制度影響之研究。台北：中央研究院中美人文社會科學合作委員會。
賀雪峰、劉銳(2009)熟人社會的治理─以貴州湄潭縣聚合村調查為例。中國農業大學學報26(2)。
葛伯納(Bernard Gallin)著 蘇兆堂譯(1979)小龍村：蛻變中的臺灣農村。台北：聯 經。
費孝通(2006〔1947〕) 鄉土中國。上海：上海人民出版社。
費孝通(1990〔1951〕) 雲南三村。天津：天津人民出版社。
廖正宏(1985)人口遷徙。台北：三民。
廖正宏、黃俊傑(1992)戰後農民價值取向的改變。台北：聯經。
廖培珊(2004)情感依附與居住滿意對台灣民眾遷移意向之影響。人口學刊28:49-79。
謝宏昌(2003)全球化涵構中的鄉村性。全球衝擊與鄉村調適研討會。未出版。
謝高橋(1982)社會學。台北：巨流。
蔡文輝(1983)社會變遷。台北：三民。
蔡文輝(1993)社會學。台北：三民。
蔡必焜、王俊豪、卓正欽(2004)社會資本與永續社區發展。台灣鄉村研究3:53-76。
蔡明惠(1998)台灣鄉鎮派系與政治變遷。台北：紅葉。
蔡墩銘(2010)社區與法律。台北：翰蘆。
蔡宏進(1991)社區原理。台北：三民。
－(1993)鄉村發展的理論與實際。台北：東大。
－(1997)近代工業化與都市化對農地利用與問題的影響。見蔡宏進著，台灣農業與農村生活的變遷，頁45-90。台北：農訓協會。
顔昭武(2002)從笨港到北港。雲林：雲林縣政府。
外文部分
Abel, R. (1995) Contested Communities. Journal of Law and Society 22:113–148.
Alinsky, S. D. (1971) Rule for Radicals: A Principal Primer for Realistic Radicals. New York: Vintage Books.
Allen, V. L. (1975). Social Support for Non-conformity. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 8:1-43.
Altman, I., and S. Low, eds. (1992) Place Attachment. New York: Plenum Press.
Ayres, J. S., and H. R. Potter (1989) Attitudes toward Community Change: A Comparison between Rural Leaders and Residents. Journal of the Community Development Society 20(1):1-18.
Barbalet, J. M. (2000) Vagaries of Social Capital: Citizenship, Trust and Loyalty. in Citizenship, Community and Democracy, edited by E. Vasta. London: Macmillan Press Ltd.
Bauman, Z. (2001) Community: Seeking Safety in a Insecure World. Cambridge: Polity.
Beckley, T. M. (2003) The Relative Importance of Sociocultural and Ecological Factors in Attachment to Place. 105-125 in Understanding Community-Forest Relations, edited by L. E. Kurger. Portland: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station.
Beggs, J. J., J. S. Hurlbert, and V. A. Haines (1996) Community Attachment in a Rural Setting: A Refinement and Empirical Test of the Systemic Model. Rural Sociology 61(3):407-426.
Bender, T. (1978) Community and Social Change in America. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
Brandenburg, A. M., and M. S. Carroll (1995) Your Place or Mine? The Effect of Place Creation on Environmental Values and Landscape Meanings. Society and Natural Resources 8:381-398.
Brehm, J. (2003) Social Capital and Poor Communities. Contemporary Socilology l32(3):345-346.
Brehm, J., and W. M. Rahn (1997) Individual Level Evidence for the Causes and Consequences of Social Capital. American Journal of Political Science 41:999-1023.
Bridger, J.C. (1996) Community Imagery and The Built Environment. The Sociological Quarterly 37(3):353-374.
Bridger, J. C., and A. E. Luloff (1999) Toward an Interactional Approach to Sustainable Community Development. Journal of Rural Studies 15:377-387.
Brown, R. B. (1993) Rural Community Satisfaction and Attachment in Mass Consumer Society. Rural Sociology 58(3):387-403.
Bourdieu, P. (1986) The Forms of Capital. in Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education. edited by J. G. Richardson. New York: Greenwood Press.
Bullen, P., and J. OnyX (1999) Social Capital: Family Support Services and Neighborhood and Community Centres in NSW. Sydney: Family Support Services Association.
Bursik, R. J. (1999) The Informal Control of Crime through Neighborhood Networks. Sociological Focus 32:85-97.
Cantillon, D., W. S. Davidson, and J. H. Schweitzer (2003) Measuring Community Social Organization: Sense of Community as a Mediator in Social Disorganization Theory. Journal of Criminal Justice 31:321-339.
Christenson, J.A. (1979) Urbanism and Community Sentiment: Extending Wirth’s Model. Social Science Quarterly 60:387-400.
Coleman, J. S. (1957) Community Conflict. Glencoe: The Free Press.
－(1988) Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. American Journal of Sociology 94:95–120.
Connerly, C. E., and R. W. Marans (1985) Comparing Two Global Measures of Perceived Neighborhood Quality. Social Indicators Research 17:29-47.
Coser, L. (1956) The Functions of Social Conflict. New York: The Free Press.
Dayton-Johnson, J. (2003) Knitted Warmth: The Simple Analytics of Social Cohesion. Journal of Socio-Economics 32:623–645
Escobar, A. (1995) Encountering Development, the Making and Unmaking of the Third World. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Fainstein, S. S. (2001) Competitiveness, Cohesion, and Governance: Their Implications for Social Justice. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 25(4):884–888.
Feldman, R.M. (1990) Settlement-Identity: Psychological Bonds with Home Places in a Mobile Society. Environment and Behavior 22(2):183-229.
Field, J. (2003). Social Capital. New York: Routledge.
Fukuyama, F. (1995) Trust: the Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. New York: The Free Press.
－(2000) Social Capital. 98–111 in Culture Matters: How Human Values Shape Human Progress, edited by L. E. Harrison and P. Samuel. New York: Basic Books.
Goudy, W. J. (1990) Community Attachment in a Rural Region. Rural Sociology 55(2) :178-98.
Giddens, A. (1985) The Nation State and Violence. Cambridge : Polity.
Granovetter, M. (1985) Economic Action and Social Structure: the Problem of Embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology91:481-510.
Grootaert, C., and T. van Bastelaer (2002) Understanding and Measuring Social Capital: A Mulitidisciplinary Tool for Practitioners. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.
Habermas, J. (1984) The Theory of Communicative Action. Boston: Beacon Press.
Hagan, J., H. Merkens, and K. Boehnke (1995) Delinquency and Disdain: Social Capital and the Control of Right-wing Extremism among East and West Berlin Youth. American Journal of Sociology 100:1028-1052.
Hawe, P., and A. Shiell (2000) Social Capital and Health Promotion: A Review. Social Science and Medicine 51:871–885.
Hirschman, A. O. (1970) Exit, Voice and Loyalty. Harvard University Press.
Janowitz, M. (1967) W. I. Thomas Social Organization and Social Personality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Jensen, J. (1998) Mapping Social Cohesion: the State of Canadian Research. Canadian Policy Research Network Study No. F-03. Ottawa: Renouf Publishing.
Johnson, R. A. (2003) Whistle-Blowing: When It Works – and Why. London: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Kasarda, J., and M. Janowitz (1974) Community Attachment in Mass Society. American Sociological Review39: 328–339.
Kaufman, H. A. (1959) Toward An Interactional Conception of Community. Social Forces 38(1): 8-17.
Kawachi, I. (2002) Social Capital and Health: Why Social Resources Matter. First International Conference on Inner City Health, Toronto.
Keenan, S. P., and R. S. Krannich (1997) The Social Context of Perceived Drought Vulnerability. Rural Sociology 62(1): 69-88.
Kemmis, D. (1990) Community and the Politics of Place. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
Kornhauser, R. (1978) Social Sources of Delinquency. Chicago:University of Chicago.
Krishna, A., and N. Uphoff（1999）Mapping and Measuring Social Capital: A conceptual and Empirical Study of Collective Action for Conserving and Developing Watersheds in Rajasthan , India. Social Capital Initiative Working Paper #13. Washington, D. C. :The World Bank.
Lee, B. A., R. S. Oropesa, and J. W. Kanan (1994) Neighborhood Context and Residential Mobility. Demography 31(2):249-270.
Levi, M. (1996) Social and Unsocial Capital: A Review Essay of Robert Putnam’s Making Democracy Work. Politics and Society 24:45–55.
Liao, Cheng-hung, and Nartin M.C. Yang (1979) Socio-Economic Change in Rural Taiwan, 1950-1978. Taipei: Department of Agricultural Extension, NTU.
Liu, Q. A., V. Ryan, H. Aurbach, and T. Besser (1998) The Influence of Local Church Participation on Rural Community Attachment. Rural Sociology 63(3):432-450.
Luloff, A. E. (1998) What Makes a Place a Community? Bendigo: Latrobe University Press.
Mayer, M., and K. N. Rankin (2002) Social Capital and (Community) Development: A North/South Perspective. Antipode 5:804–808.
McMillan, D. W., and D. M. Chavis (1986) Sense of Community: A Definition and Theory. Journal of Community Psychology14(1): 6-23.
Meijering, L., B. van Hoven, and P. Huigen (2007) Constructing Ruralities: The Case of Hobbitstee, Netherlands. Journal of Rural Studies23:357-366.
Navarro, V. (2002) A Critique of Social Capital. International Journal of Health Services 32:424–432.
O’Brien, J. D., and E. W. Hassinger (1992) Community Attachment among Leaders in Five Rural Community. Rural Sociology 57(4):521-534.
Ostrom, E. (1990) Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
－(1996) Crossing the Great Divide: Co-production, Synergy, and Development. World Development 24:1073–1087.
Park, R.E., and E. W. Burgess (1921) Introduction to the Science of Sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Perkins, D. D., P. Florin, R. C. Rich, A. Wandersman, and D. Chavis (1990) Participation and the Social and Physical Environment of Residential Blocks: Crime and Community Context. American Journal of Community Psychology 18:83-115.
Pooley, J. A., L. Cohen, and L. T. Pike (2005) Can Sense of Community Inform Social Capital? The Social Science Journal 42:71-79.
Poland, B., D. Coburn, A. Robertson, and J. Eakin (1998) Wealth, Equity and Health Care: A Critique of a “Population Health” Perspective on the Determinants of Health. Social Science and Medicine46(7):785–798.
Pretty, G. H., and M. McCathy (1991) Exploring Psychological Sense of Community among Women and Men of the Corporation. Journal of Community Psychology 19:351-361.
Putnam, R. D. (1993) Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton : Princeton University Press.
－(2000) Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, Ins.
Reidpath, D. D. (2003) Love thy Neighbour—It’s Good for Your Health: A Study of Racial Homogeneity, Mortality, and Social Cohesion in the United States. Social Science and Medicine 57:253–261.
Robinson, G. (1990) Conflict and Change in the Countryside. London: Belhaven.
Rose, N. (2000) Citizenship and The Third Way. American Behavioral Scientist 43: 1395–1411.
Roseland, M. (2000) Sustainable Community Development: Integrating Environment, Economic, and Social Objectives. Progress in Planning 54:73-132.
Sampson, R. J. (1996) The Community. 193-216 in Crime, edited by J.Q. Wilson Petersili. San Francisco: Institute for Contemporary Studies.
Sampson, R. J., S. W. Raudenbush, and F. Earls (1997) Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy. Science 277:918−924.
Serageldin, I., and C. Grootaert (2000) Defining social capital: An integrative view. In Social capital: a multifacet perspective. edited by P. Dasgupta and I. Serageldin. Washington, D. C.: The World Bank.
Sharp, J. S., K. Agnitsch, V. Ryan, and J. Flora (2002) Social Infrastructure and Community Economic Development Strategies: The Case of Self-development and Industrial Recruitment in Rural Iowa. Journal of Rural studies 18:405-417.
Stinner, F. William, M. Van Loon, S. Chung, and Y. Byun (1990) Community Size, Individual Social Position, and Community Attachment. Rural Sociology 55(4) 494-521.
Sumner, W. G. (1906) Folkways: A Study of The Sociological Importance of Usages, Manners, Customs, Mores, and Morals. Boston: Ginn and Company.
Toney, M.B. (1976) Length of Residence, Social Ties, and Economic Opportunities. Demography 13(3):297-309.
Vincentnathan, L., and S. G. Vincentnathan (2008) Social Disorganization in a Modernizing Dalit Community. The Social Science Journal 45:565–579.
Wakefield, S. E. L., and B. Poland (2005) Family, Friend or Foe? Critical Reflections on the Relevance and Role of Social Capital in Health Promotion and Community Development. Social Science and Medicine 60:2819–2832.
Wellman, B. (1979) The Community Question: The Intimate Networks of East Yorkers. American Journal of Sociology 84(5): 1201–1231.
Wilkinson, K. (1991) The Community in Rural America. New York: Greenwood Press.
Wilkinson, R. G. (1994) The Epidemiological Transition: From Material Scarcity to Social Disadvantage? Daedalus: Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences123(4):61–78.
－(1996). Unhealthy Societies: The Afflictions of Inequality. London: Routledge.
William, D. R., M. E. Patterson, J. W. Roggenbuck, and A. E. Watson (1992) Beyond the Community Metaphor: Examining Emotional and Symbolic Attachment to Place. Leisure Sciences 14:29-46.
Wilson, T.C. (1985) Settlement Type and Interpersonal Estrangement: A Test of the Theories of Wirth and Gans. Social Forces 64:139-50.
Woolcock, M. (1998) Social Capital and Economic Development: Toward a Theoretical Synthesis and Policy Framework. Theory and Society 27:151–208.
Wulfhorst, J.D., A. E. Luloff, S. Albrecht, and S. Lopez (2001) Perceptions of Economic Development, Environmental Protection, and Rural Indian Identity. Journal of Rural Community Psychology E4: 1-21.
Zaff, J., and S. Devlin (1998) Sense of Community in Housing for the Elderly. Journal of Community Psychology 26:381-398.