傳統上，有關福利國家的研究經常以歷史時段之切割作為分界。政治學界對福利國家研究多半聚焦於建立、擴張和緊縮的政治意涵、福利國家體制構成和制度性政策之治理等，或是來自社會學界對福利制度如何透過公權力和經濟資源，對公民社會產生權威性支配和社會生活之影響等為內涵。然而1980年代起，以新自由主義為主軸的經濟全球化對民族國家、企業、社會乃至於個人產生廣泛而深遠的影響，就福利國家而言，其引發侵蝕福利國家永續發展基礎的疑慮。而新自由主義全球化是否必然窒息福利國家生路亦存在多元的爭辯。因此，本論文企圖結合政治學和社會學對福利國家發展的觀點，透過對荷蘭作為一福利國家的宏觀檢視，探究福利國家如何作為荷蘭的國富民強之道，而荷蘭又如何借助新自由主義調適其福利體制。
荷蘭福利國家確立於二次大戰後，以發展「照護國家」為總體國家發展目標，植基於其高度協調的市場經濟制度、自由開放的國際貿易、統合主義的協商傳統，並在政黨政治和荷蘭社會柱化的崩解下，構成荷蘭完備而優渥的福利體制。然而荷蘭經驗之特殊性不僅在於其福利體制融合了以勞動者為主的社會保險、以公民權為基礎的普及式福利和帶有家長主義特色的照護取向，從荷蘭的歷史經驗出發，更可了解國際環境對荷蘭福利國家之形塑，特別是地緣政治上受到德國、英國與北歐對社會福利理念的啟發。此外，本文亦指出荷蘭高度依賴國際貿易作為資本積累的途徑，同時意味高度曝險於國際經濟環境，歷經1970年代荷蘭病的教訓，荷蘭能以更自由靈活的彈性面對國際風險，並率先發展出配合時勢的福利緊縮、鬆綁協調市場管制以及彈性安全的就業策略，形成當代荷蘭特殊而普遍的「一個半」養家者模式。新自由主義經濟全球化蔚為風尚，使得福利國家之治理成為先進資本主義國家的共同課題，而荷蘭經驗則成為各界的參考。

The studies of welfare states are always divined by historical phases traditionally. There are two main perspectives of studying welfare state, political and socialogical. The former focuses on the political meanings of welfare state building, expansion and retrenchment and the arrangement of welfare state. The other pays attention to how the welfare schemes affact people’s life and rights. However, it was not until 1980s that neoliberal economic glibalization has overwhelmed nation-state by its pervasive power. Some believe it will ruin the basis of welfare state and suffcate the future of welfare state. It is still an open question and the debates go on. Thus, the thesis trys to analyze the Dutch welfare state with the approaches of both politics and sociology and explore how welfare state could be a mean that leads to a prosperous state and how the Dutch welfare state adjust itself by means of neoliberalist trend.
The Dutch welfare state is set up under the goal of “caring state” which is based on its coordinated market economy, open international trade and corporatist tradition. Motivated by the competition of political parties and the collaspe of pillarization, the Dutch welfare state has become the most generous one worldwide.
The particularity of Dutch welfare state consists not only in the hybird type but also the formation of welfare state mixture has profoundlly shaped by its surrounding countries and the international environment. Besides, the thesis indicates the Netherlands heavily relys on international trade as a mean to capital accumulation which implys the great exposure to international econmic flunctuations. With the experience of Dutch disease during the 1970s, the Netherlands treats international risks in a more flexible manner and the way it responds to neoliberalism has been watched and learned by its counterparters.

口試委員審定書 i
謝辭 ii
中文摘要 iii
英文摘要 iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 viii

第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
壹、研究動機 1
貳、研究目的 3
第二節 研究方法與架構 4
壹、研究方法 4
貳、研究架構 6
第三節 研究範圍與限制 10
壹、研究範圍 10
貳、研究限制 10
第四節 文獻回顧 11
壹、新自由主義與福利國家的關係 11
貳、荷蘭如何看待福利政策 14
參、新自由主義全球化與荷蘭經濟的關係 17
肆、新自由主義全球化與荷蘭社會福利的關係 20
第二章 荷蘭作為一福利國家研究對象的特殊性 23
第一節 荷蘭福利國家的歷史演進 23
壹、歐洲福利國家起源的共有基礎 23
貳、戰後荷蘭福利資本主義的建立 27
第二節 荷蘭福利國家發展之黃金年代 31
壹、教派政黨和世俗政黨競爭 32
貳、傳統決策模式和統合主義政治結構 33
參、福利體制蓬勃發展 37
第三節 荷蘭作為一永續發展之福利國家的制度條件 39
壹、相當關注周邊國家的社會經濟發展 39
貳、教派政黨主導建立的福利國家 40
參、統合主義下和諧的社會夥伴關係 42
肆、歐洲區域統合帶來和平穩定的發展環境 43
第四節 小結 47
第三章 新自由主義初襲和福利國家危機的初步抑制 51
第一節 二十世紀新自由主義經濟全球化的第一次襲擊 52
壹、新自由主義全球化之發生及其內涵 52
貳、新自由主義全球化的施展途徑 54
參、新自由主義與荷蘭 59
第二節 荷蘭病起源背景及因素 64
壹、荷蘭病的起源：外部危機僅是導火線 64
貳、國際因素：國際貨幣調節體制瓦解和石油價格震撼 67
參、內部反應失當：總體經濟政策失誤和政府僵局 68
第三節 荷蘭病診治之政策過程 71
壹、重新找出病灶 71
貳、不廢話政策 73
參、瓦森納協議 74
肆、薪資調節策略 76
第四節 小結 78
第四章 新自由主義之逆襲及活化荷蘭福利國家之路 81
第一節 當整個世界都在擁抱新自由主義 81
壹、新自由主義理念的國際化 81
貳、歐盟經濟統合的新自由主義轉向 83
參、荷蘭協調市場經濟的新自由主義轉向 85
第二節 荷蘭福利體制之質性改革 87
壹、荷蘭奇蹟再檢視 87
貳、順勢而為的《職業失能保險法》改革 90
參、1990年代市場機制引入社會安全體系 95
肆、2000年後更具體的體制私有化及工作福利 99
第三節 福利國家改革之成果 102
壹、勞政制度面向 102
貳、協調市場經濟面向 103
參、政治面向 104
肆、福利體制風貌改變 105
第四節 小結 108
第五章 改革無期限之福利國家的永續發展 110
第一節 荷蘭與資本主義的關係 110
壹、現代資本主義經濟體的發展先驅 110
貳、二戰後協調市場經濟 112
參、當代荷蘭資本主義 118
第二節 對新自由主義全球化的認知 120
壹、全球政治經濟結構的認知 120
貳、自我定位 121
參、社會安全及勞動市場政策為發展經濟服務 123
肆、兼顧利益和公益的共識形成 125
第三節 歐盟區域統合對荷蘭資本主義發展之助益 126
壹、歐盟經濟治理的成功 126
貳、歐盟社會統合面向 130
參、里斯本策略下的歐盟 136
第四節 小結 138
第六章 結論 141
第一節 研究發現 141
壹、福利國家性格及殊異性 141
貳、新自由主義之挑戰及回應 143
參、無法忽視之矛盾 145
肆、荷蘭經驗的意義 146
第二節 研究貢獻 146
第三節 研究限制 147
第四節 後續研究 148
參考文獻 149

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