靜態同步補償器能改善電力系統負載端電壓，其動作原理是當負載端電壓過高時，靜態同步補償器會吸收系統過多的虛功，降低負載端電壓。反之，當負載端電壓驟降時，則提供系統不足之虛功，使負載端電壓上升，而達到電壓調整的目的。而為了使靜態同步補償器調整系統負載端電壓到達適當的電壓值，則必須仰賴控制器。其中控制器參數的優劣將直接影響靜態同步補償器的穩態特性及暫態響應。傳統控制器之參數通常保持固定，造成在某些工作點之暫態響應並不太理想之情況，有鑒於此，本論文提出以粒子群優法來尋找最佳或近最佳之控制器參數，利用朗吉庫塔法來求得系統動態響應數值解，進而估算能量函數，再依能量函數求得最佳之控制器參數，進而改變控制器的參數，使得靜態同步補償器的暫態響應在各種負載狀況下皆能有快速補償的效果，並且亦有不錯的穩態特性，此控制器稱為粒子群優法自調比例積分控制器。由實驗結果顯示粒子群優法自調比例積分控制器確實能使得靜態同步補償器在各種負載變動情況下，皆能保持令人滿意的暫態響應及穩態特性。

Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) can be used to provide system with reactive power under low voltage conditions and to absorb the excess reactive power when the load bus voltage is too high. Satisfactory dynamic responses cannot be guaranteed for all possible loading conditions by a conventional STATCOM of which the controller gains are designed based on a particular loading condition and remain fixed in daily operation of the STATCOM. Since the system load changes with time in daily operation, it is essential to adapt the controller gains in real-time based on the measured system load in order to have good dynamic responses all the time. In the dissertation, particle swarm optimization (PSO) self-tuning PI controller is proposed to adapt the controller gains for the STATCOM. An efficient formula is derived to estimate the resistance and inductance of the load. A computer routine based on Runge Kutta method is developed to obtain the numerical solutions of system dynamic equations which are essential for the estimation of particle energy functions in the PSO algorithm. An efficient PSO algorithm is presented to reach an optimal or near-optimal set of STATCOM controller parameters with least energy functions. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed PSO self-tuning PI controller, experiments were conducted for the system with heavy load, medium load, and light load, respectively. It is concluded from the experimental results that satisfactory dynamic responses can be achieved by proposed PSO self-tuning controller under different loading conditions.

誌謝…………………………………………………… i
中文摘要……………………………………………… ii
英文摘要……………………………………………… iii
目錄…………………………………………………… iv
圖目錄………………………………………………… vii
表目錄………………………………………………… x
符號表………………………………………………… xi
第一章 緒論………………………………………………… 1
1-1研究背景…………………………………………… 1
1-2文獻回顧…………………………………………… 2
1-3 研究動機及目的………………………………… 9
1-4論文內容概述……………………………………… 10
第二章 STATCOM系統動態數學模型………………………… 12
2-1 前言……………………………………………… 12
2-2 STATCOM簡介……………………………………… 12
2-2-1 STATCOM基本工作原理……………………… 13
2-2-2 STATCOM基本架構………………………… 14
2-2-3 STATCOM對系統之影響……………………… 14
2-2-3-1 電壓穩定度…………………………… 15
2-2-3-2 暫態穩定度…………………………… 17
2-2-3-3 功因改善……………………………… 18
2-2-3-4 電壓支撐……………………………… 19
2-2-3-5 線路傳輸容量………………………… 21
2-2-3-5 線路傳輸容量………………………… 21
2-2-4 STATCOM模型……………………………… 23
2-3 負載模型……………………………………… 25
2-4 控制器模型…………………………………… 26
2-5 雙座標軸轉換………………………………… 30
第三章 STATCOM固定增益比例積分控制器之設計……… 33
3-1 前言…………………………………………… 33
3-2 STATCOM之固定增益比例積分控制器之設計………… 34
第四章 STATCOM之粒子群優法自調比例積分控制器之設計…… 37
4-1 前言…………………………………………………… 37
4-2負載估測法…………………………………………… 38
4-3 朗吉庫達法…………………………………………… 39
4-4 STATCOM補償電壓響應預測法………………………… 40
4-5 粒子群優法…………………………………………… 47
4-5-1 粒子參數定義…………………………………… 48
4-5-2 粒子搜尋範圍…………………………………… 49
4-5-3 能量函數………………………………………… 52
4-6 STATCOM之粒子群優法自調比例積分控制器之設計… 53
4-6-1 粒子群優法自調比例積分控制器調整控制器參數步驟 54
第五章 STATCOM系統研製……………………………………… 59
5-1 前言………………………………………………… 59
5-2硬體電路製作…………………………………………… 60
5-2-1 實作電路之系統架構…………………………… 61
5-2-2 研華PCL-1800資料擷取卡之簡介與設定[51]… 61
5-2-3 電力電路之製作………………………………… 66
5-2-4 驅動與互鎖電路之製作……………………… 69
5-2-5 同步控制電路與鎖相電路之製作……………… 72
5-2-6 電壓、電流感測器之製作……………………… 77
5-2-7 其他相關硬體之製作…………………………… 79
5-3 元件參數之選擇……………………………………… 80
5-3-1電容器電壓與電容值設計[47]………………… 80
5-3-2補償器濾波電感器的設計……………………… 82
5-3-3補償器容量的計算……………………………… 83
5-4 脈衝寬度調變(PWM)切換技術[14]……………… 83
5-4-1 PWM電壓控制器………………………………… 83
5-4-2 變流器切換頻率之分析………………………… 85
5-5 軟體程式規劃………………………………………… 86
5-5-1 軟體簡介………………………………………… 87
5-5-2 軟體程式之規劃設計………………………… 87
5-5-3 類比訊號輸入控制流程……………… 89
5-5-4 補償信號控制流程……………… 89
第六章 實驗結果………………………………………… 91
6-1 前言……………………………………………… 91
6-2 結果討論…………………………………………… 91
第七章 結論……………………………………… 103
7-1 本文主要貢獻…………………………………… 103
7-2 未來研究方向………………………………………… 104
參考文獻…………………………………………………………… 105
作者簡歷及相關著作……………………………………………… 111

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