近年來，燃料電池車輛被視為下一代電動車輛的主要發展重點之一，其應用愈來愈廣泛。在考慮燃料經濟性與性能的條件下，最被廣泛使用的組合為燃料電池與二次電池的結合使用。典型的混合燃料電池電力鏈可根據燃料電池與二次電池組功率分配策略的不同，而分為串聯式與並聯式燃料電池電力鏈。本研究所預設之應用為手輪馬達電動輪椅，其對能源系統的要求與輕型電動車輛相同，在輕型電動車輛之中，對能源系統的重量與體積皆遠比一般電動車輛來得嚴苛，所裝載之能源系統必須能在儘可能地減少重量與體積的條件下，仍可提供足夠的電能以保持一定的駕駛性能，而典型的串聯式與並聯式燃料電池電力鏈所組成之能源系統無法完全滿足此需求，並且其相對應的電力管理策略亦存在對燃料電池的輸出功率波動過大以及二次電池組造成壽命衰減與性能快速下降的問題，故本研究設計一混合燃料電池電力鏈結構，並搭配相對應的電力管理策略，考慮手輪馬達電動輪椅的行駛工況與平均功率，選擇適當的燃料電池與二次電池組，將此電力系統以Matlab SimPowerSystems模組來模擬，並與典型串聯式與並聯式燃料電池電力鏈作比較，討論改善效果。由模擬結果顯示，本論文所設計的燃料電池電力鏈對燃料電池電力鏈的性能要求較小，燃料電池的操作功率亦較為固定，並且在二次電池組的充電次數上減少了96%~98%，延長二次電池組的壽命。

In recent years, fuel cell vehicles are becoming the most focus technology in the electric vehicles. Considering the fuel economy, the combination of fuel cells and secondary batteries is most widely used. The classical hybrid fuel cell powertrains could be classified into two types: series and parallel. The default application of this research is the electric wheelchair powered by rim motors. The limitation for energy storage system in the electric wheelchair is more critical than in general electric vehicles. The size and weight should be reasonable reduced with keeping enough drive ability. But the classical hybrid fuel cell powertrains could not satisfy the request. Also, the power management might cause the large variation of fuel cell output power and the decrease of the cycle life of batteries. In this research, a novel hybrid fuel cell powertrain and power management strategies were designed to improve this drawback and reduced the size and weight of fuel cells and batteries with reasonable size by load power and driving cycle analysis. The proposed and classical fuel cell powertrain were simulated with Matalb SimPowerSystems and compared simulation results to evaluate the improvements. From simulation results, the power requirement of fuel cells in proposed hybrid fuel cell powertrain is smaller than in classical fuel cell powertrain. The output power of fuel cells is nearly constant, so the size of fuel cells could be reasonably reduced and easy to control in future. Furthermore, the charging times of secondary batteries were also reduced 96%~98% compared with classical fuel cell powertrains.

口試委員會審定書 i
致謝 ii
中文摘要 iii
Abstract v
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 文獻回顧 5
1.3 研究目的 10
1.4 研究方法 12
第2章 電池特性 13
2.1 電池簡介 14
2.2 電極電化學 15
2.3 電極熱力學 19
2.4 電力參數 20
2.4.1 庫侖容量 20
2.4.2 殘電量 21
2.4.3 能量密度 22
2.4.4 功率密度 22
2.5 常見二次電池種類 23
2.5.1 鉛酸電池 23
2.5.2 鎳氫電池 24
2.5.3 鋰電池 24
2.5.3.1 鋰電池 24
2.5.3.2 鋰離子電池 25
第3章 燃料電池特性 29
3.1 原理 29
3.2 電壓與效率 30
3.3 燃料利用率 34
3.4 系統特性 36
3.5 燃料電池種類 39
3.5.1 質子交換膜燃料電池 41
第4章 混合燃料電池電力鏈設計 45
4.1 混合動力鏈簡介 45
4.2 常見混合燃料電池電力鏈 49
4.2.1 串聯式混合電力鏈 50
4.2.2 並聯式混合電力鏈 52
4.3 混合燃料電池電力鏈設計 53
4.3.1 混合燃料電池電力鏈結構 53
4.3.2 電力需求 54
4.3.2.1 平均負載功率 54
4.3.2.2 操作區間 58
4.3.2.3 電池組選擇 59
第5章 電力管理系統設計 65
5.1 系統結構 65
5.2 磷酸亞鐵鋰電池管理系統設計 65
5.2.1 電池管理系統概述 65
5.2.2 充電策略 66
5.2.3 放電策略 68
5.2.4 殘存電量估測 68
5.3 質子交換膜燃料電池系統 70
5.3.1 質子交換膜燃料電池操作參數與功率 70
5.3.2 直流-直流轉換模組 75
5.4 電力管理控制策略 76
第6章 電力管理系統模擬 87
6.1 質子交換膜燃料電池模型 88
6.2 磷酸亞鐵鋰電池模型 93
6.3 負載模型 98
6.4 電力管理系統模擬 101
6.4.1 電力管理系統分析 101
6.4.2 能量管理策略模擬與結果 108
6.4.3 電力系統效能模擬與比較 113
6.4.4 二次電池組使用情境模擬與結果 116
6.4.5 行駛工況模擬與結果 125
第7章 結論與未來展望 129
7.1 結論 129
7.2 未來展望 131
附錄 133
A.1影響電池的因素 133
A.2 二次電池常見充電方法 141
A.3殘存電量估測 145
參考文獻 149

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