臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

中藥防治疾病的關鍵是其中的有效化學成分，本研究萃取、分離和純化梔子、牛蒡子、大黃、虎杖、山柰、薑黃、黃連及茜草等八種中藥的指標成分，進一步鑑定其化學結構，以做為未來進行化學合成改造結構的依據。並以純化得到的中藥指標成分為標準品，進一步利用高效能液相層析，定量分析中藥萃取物與分畫層中指標成分的含量。高效能液相層析分析方法經確效試驗之驗證，證明定量方法值得信賴，藉此建立檢驗標準，以進行中藥材及其製劑的品質管制。

根據先前所完成的蝴蝶蘭花色成分與定量分析實驗結果，本研究將大白花蝴蝶蘭（Phal. Sogo Yukidain）的甲醇萃取物利用逆相管柱層析分離，得到其主要的花色成分，並測試其抗氧化和抗酪胺酸酶活性，希望可以進一步添加於美容保養品中，開發出新的天然抗氧化與美白保養品添加物。另外亦利用分離所得的主要花色成分，針對蝴蝶蘭色素合成轉醣酶PeUFGT 1 與 3之反應產物進行活性分析，以及三種由金孔雀（Phal. Golden Peoker）衍生的品系之蝴蝶蘭甲醇萃取物進行定性與定量分析。

The effective chemical constituents in traditional Chinese medicines are the key factors of their function to treat diseases. In the present research, the indicator compounds in several traditional Chinese medicines, including Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, Arctium lappa L., Rheum officinale Baill., Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc., Kaempferia galangal L., Curcuma longa L., Coptis chinensis Franch., and Rubia cordifolia L. had been extracted, purified, and identified for their chemical structures for the further chemical synthesis and modifications. In addition, the indicator compounds were used as standards to quantitatively analyze the crude extracts and fractions of these traditional Chinese medicines with the aid of high-performance liquid chromatography. The methods validation examinations were performed to confirm that these methods were precise and reliable for quality evaluation. Thus these methods can be utilized to control the quality of Chinese herbal medicines and preparations.

According to the previous results accomplished by our group regarding the flower pigments in Phalaenopsis species, this study was aimed to purify the major constituents in the methanol extracts of flowers of Phal. cultivars ( Phal. Sogo Yukidain ). With the assistance of the reversed phase column chromatography, the purified constituents were subjected into the antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase bioactivity assays to explore new natural antioxidant and whitening ingredients for the skin care cosmetics. In addition, the major constituents were utilized to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the activities of the PeUFGT 1 & 3 and the major pigments in three cultivars derived from Phal. Golden Peoker.

中文摘要 ....................................................................................................i
英文摘要 ......................................................................................................ii
誌謝 ......................................................................................................iii
目錄 ......................................................................................................iv
表目錄 .............................................................................................................................x
圖目錄 .........................................................................................................................xii

第壹篇、中草藥指標成分純化與品質管制之應用
第一章 緒論......................................................................................................1
第一節 前言...........................................................................................................1
第二節 研究背景與目的............................................................................2
第二章 藥材介紹...............................................................................................3
第一節 梔子........................................................................................................3
第二節 牛蒡子...............................................................................................5
第三節 大黃.............................................................................................7
第四節 虎杖...............................................................................................9
第五節 山柰.............................................................................................11
第六節 薑黃............................................................................................13
第七節 黃連............................................................................................15
第八節 茜草............................................................................................17
第三章 實驗部分.........................................................................................19
第一節 本實驗所使用之儀器.............................................................19
第二節 藥材之成分抽取與分離.........................................................20
2.1 梔子.........................................................................20
2.2 牛蒡子...........................................................................22
2.3 大黃......................................................................24
2.4 虎杖.......................................................................25
2.5 山柰.......................................................................27
2.6 薑黃.......................................................................29
2.7 黃連.......................................................................31
2.8 茜草.......................................................................32
第三節 藥材指標成分定量分析 ............................................................33
3.1貯存標準液之配製.............................................................33
3.2 標準品溶液之配製............................................................35
3.3檢液之配製............................................................38
3.4 鑑別試驗及含量測定.........................................................39
第四節 分析方法之評估.........................................................................40
第四章 指標成分化學結構之鑑定.............................................................41
第一節 Geniposide (3) 化學結構之鑑定.................................................41
第二節 Arctigenin (4) 化學結構之鑑定..................................................44
第三節 Arctiin (5) 化學結構之鑑定........................................................46
第四節 Chrysophanol (6) 化學結構之鑑定............................................49
第五節 Physcion (7) 化學結構之鑑定.................................................51
第六節 2-Methoxystypandrone (8) 化學結構之鑑定......................................53
第七節 Emodin (9) 化學結構之鑑定..................................................55
第八節 Ethyl-p-methoxy-trans-cinnamate (10) 化學結構之鑑定...........57
第九節 Curcumin (11) 化學結構之鑑定..............................................59
第十節 Demethoxycurcumin (12) 化學結構之鑑定.............................61
第十一節 Bisdemethoxycurcumin (13) 化學結構之鑑定...........................63
第十二節 Berberine chloride (14) 化學結構之鑑定....................................65
第十三節 Rubimaillin (15) 化學結構之鑑定.........................................67
第五章 各種藥材指標成分含量定量分析.....................................................69
第一節 梔子.............................................................................................69
1.1分析條件之選擇與最佳化.......................................................69
1.2 檢量線之製作........................................................................70
1.3 確效試驗..............................................................................70
1.4定量分析結果......................................................................72
第二節 牛蒡子.........................................................................................74
2.1分析條件之選擇與最佳化.................................................................74
2.2 檢量線之製作.................................................................................75
2.3 確效試驗.............................................................................77
2.4定量分析結果...................................................................79
第三節 大黃、虎杖...................................................................................81
3.1分析條件之選擇與最佳化........................................................81
3.2 檢量線之製作..........................................................................83
3.3 確效試驗................................................................................84
3.4大黃之定量分析結果.................................................................87
3.5虎杖之定量分析結果.................................................................88
第四節 山柰.............................................................................................90
4.1分析條件之選擇與最佳化.........................................................90
4.2 檢量線之製作..........................................................................91
4.3 確效試驗................................................................................91
4.4定量分析結果.......................................................................93
第五節 薑黃.............................................................................................95
5.1分析條件之選擇與最佳化.........................................................95
5.2 檢量線之製作.......................................................................97
5.3 確效試驗................................................................................98
5.4定量分析結果.......................................................................101
第六節 黃連.............................................................................................103
6.1分析條件之選擇與最佳化........................................................103
6.2 檢量線之製作.........................................................................104
6.3 確效試驗...............................................................................104
6.4定量分析結果.......................................................................106
第七節 茜草.............................................................................................108
7.1分析條件之選擇與最佳化.....................................................108
7.2 檢量線之製作.........................................................................109
7.3 確效試驗.............................................................................109
7.4定量分析結果.....................................................................111
第八節 結論.............................................................................................114
第六章 光譜數據.............................................................................................115

第貳篇、蝴蝶蘭花色成分之研究與應用
第一章 蝴蝶蘭花色成分之抗氧化與抗酪胺酸酶活性研究.......................121
第一節 前言..............................................................................................121
第二節 研究背景及目的..........................................................................121
第三節 蝴蝶蘭成分之抽取與分離..........................................................121
第四節 蝴蝶蘭成分之抗氧化與抗酪胺酸酶活性..................................125
4.1自由基與疾病...................................................................126
4.2抗氧化活性試驗研究............................................................126
4.3酪胺酸酶之作用機制與生理活性...........................................127
4.4酪胺酸酶活性試驗研究...........................................................128
第五節 結論.............................................................................................129
第二章 蝴蝶蘭色素合成轉醣酶之活性分析.........................................................130
第一節 蝴蝶蘭主要色素成分................................................................130
第二節 花色色素之代謝酵素.................................................................130
第三節 轉醣酶（glucosyltransferase）GT.................................................130
第四節 研究背景與目的.........................................................................131
第五節 蝴蝶蘭色素合成轉醣酶之活性分析.................................................132
5.1 PeUFGT1活性分析...............................................................132
5.2 PeUFGT3活性分析...............................................................133
第六節 結論.............................................................................................134
第三章 三種金孔雀品系蝴蝶蘭花色成分之定性與定量分析..............................135
第一節 影響花色表達因素.....................................................................135
第二節 研究背景與目的.........................................................................135
第三節 蝴蝶蘭之花瓣組織切片.............................................................136
第四節 花色成分之定性分析.................................................................137
第五節 花色成分之定量分析.................................................................140
第六節 結論.............................................................................................141
第四章 材料與方法. ......................................................................................142
第一節 本實驗所使用之儀器.................................................................142
第二節 蝴蝶蘭之化學抽取....................................................................143
2.1研究材料...........................................................................143
2.2化學抽取與成分分離...............................................................143
第三節 蝴蝶蘭成分之抗氧化與抗酪胺酸酶活性.................................143
3.1抗氧化活性試驗.......................................................................143
3.2抗酪胺酸酶活性試驗...............................................................143
第四節 蝴蝶蘭色素合成轉醣酶之活性分析.................................................144
4.1研究材料...........................................................................144
4.2色素合成轉醣酶之活性分析..........................................................144
第五節 蝴蝶蘭花色成分之定性與定量分析.........................................145
5.1研究材料...........................................................................145
5.2化學抽取與成分分離...............................................................145
5.3花色成分之定性與定量分析..................................................145
參考文獻.........................................................................................................147
英文論文大綱
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