存貨對一般企業的生產管理及行銷經營而言，占有舉足輕重的地位。過多的存貨將會造成資金的閒置，形成浪費；但另一方面，存貨如不足，將會導致顧客的流失，商譽受損等問題。所以，如何削減庫存、抑制浪費、謀求成本之降低，同時亦不致影響到生產或交貨，便成為企業界致力追求的重要目標。因此擬定一套有效的存貨管理政策，不但可以減少存貨資金的積壓，而且能夠適時適量提供所需物料，使得顧客滿意度的提升，增加公司商品在市場上的競爭力，創造公司利潤最大化。
本論文探討在生產管理中常見之常態分配及需求未知情況下，如何擬定最小成本之存貨模型。我們透過數值範例的導入，分別探討常態分配下之存貨模型以及需求未知下之模型。在存貨模式最佳解求取過程方面以總存貨成本最小化為目的，並透過微分方式求取最適化模型參數，找出最佳的存貨參數以及最小成本之存貨模型，並對求取之模型做驗證，使本論文所建立的最小成本之最適存貨模式更為實際化、實用化，以提供後續研究及實際產業應用上之參考。

For production management and marketing of general enterprises, inventory is very important. Too many inventories will cause the problem of stand-by of the fund. However, insufficient inventories will cause the running off of the customer and damage of goodwill. Therefore, reducing of the inventory and unlikely to influence the business become the importance goals of enterprises. To draft effective inventory management policies, not only can reduce the cost of inventory but also can offer the necessary supplies of goods to make improvement of customer satisfaction, and increase competitiveness in the market.
This thesis studies how to draft the inventory model of the minimum cost under situations of normal distribution and unknown demand. By introduction of numerical analysis, we investigate the inventory model under above two situations. We solve the inventory problems to minimize the total cost with optimal parameters through the differential way and find the best inventory parameters and minimum cost. We also verify the found models to make the optimal inventory model with minimum cost become more practical for future study and industry application.

摘要...........................................................I
ABSTRAC........................................................II
誌謝...........................................................III
目次...........................................................V
表目錄..........................................................VI
圖目錄..........................................................VII
第一章 緒論.....................................................1
1.1 研究背景與動機..............................................1
1.2 研究目的....................................................3
1.3 研究流程....................................................4
1.4 研究架構....................................................5
第二章 文獻探討..................................................6
2.1 存貨管理之意義...............................................6
2.2 存貨控制....................................................10
2.3 存貨管理方法................................................12
2.4 整合性存貨模型文獻...........................................15
2.5 小結.......................................................17
第三章 常態分配存貨模型...........................................18
3.1 常態情況下實際需求量.........................................18
3.2 符號基本假設................................................21
3.3 模式建立....................................................22
3.3.1 安全持有成本..............................................22
3.3.2 全年缺貨成本..............................................22
3.3.3 全年存貨總成本.............................................22
3.3.4 總成本模式微分求解.........................................23
3.4 數值範例....................................................24
3.5 以試誤法求解驗證..........................................25
3.6 敏感度分析..................................................28
3.7 小結........................................................34
第四章 需求未知存貨模型...........................................35
4.1 需求未知情況下實際需求量...................................35
4.2 符號基本假設.................................................38
4.3 模式建立....................................................38
4.3.1 安全持有成本...............................................39
4.3.2 全年缺貨成本...............................................39
4.3.3 全年存貨總成本.............................................39
4.3.4 總成本模式微分求解..........................................39
4.4 數值範例.....................................................41
4.5 以試誤法求解驗證..............................................41
4.6 敏感度分析...................................................46
4.7 小結.....................................................50
第五章 結論與未來研究方向..........................................51
5.1 結論.........................................................51
5.2 未來研究方向..................................................52
參考文獻..........................................................53

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