鹽度對於兩棲類幼體而言是一種無可逃避的環境壓力，因此鹽度對於蝌蚪的成長發育以及變態特徵等較為長期的影響，以及蝌蚪是否以變態特徵可塑性來應對水池鹽度的變動，都是十分有趣且值得探討的議題。本研究目的是藉由目前已知最耐鹽的食蟹蛙蝌蚪，探討不同鹽度以及鹽度的轉變對兩棲類幼體存活、成長發育以及變態特徵的影響。實驗結果顯示，食蟹蛙蝌蚪在直接轉換鹽度的處理下最高可在16 ppt (parts per thousand)的半淡鹽水中存活超過48小時，具有相當高的耐鹽度。在不同鹽度的影響下，蝌蚪的成長與發育會隨著鹽度升高而同時減緩，當鹽度高達12 ppt時蝌蚪在達到變態前便全數死亡；在變態時間與體型方面，3、6與9 ppt處理下的變態特徵皆相似，顯示食蟹蛙蝌蚪還能夠忍受9 ppt的鹽度。在轉換鹽度的處理下，食蟹蛙蝌蚪表現出變態特徵的可塑性。若食蟹蛙幼體在蝌蚪期的早期遇到環境鹽度的增加，會減緩其成長與發育；若在蝌蚪期後期遇到環境鹽度增加，則會立即以最小體型變態；若遇到環境鹽度的壓力解除時，蝌蚪的成長與發育都會有可逆的現象，讓食蟹蛙蝌蚪能以最大的體型變態。綜合以上結果，本研究顯示食蟹蛙蝌蚪具有相當高的耐鹽度，成長與發育雖然會受鹽度影響而減緩，但仍然能夠以變態特徵的可塑性來應對那些鹽度變動的環境。

Salinity is an unavoidable environmental stress for amphibian larvae. This makes it interesting issues of how long-term exposure to salinity could affect tadpoles growth, development, and metamorphic traits, and whether metamorphic plasticity exists in tadpoles enable them to cope with fluctuating salinity. The purposes of this study were to evaluate long-term effects of salinity and changing salinity on growth, development, and metamorphic traits of tadpoles. Rana cancrivora tadpoles survived 16 ppt SW, indicating they are highly salt-tolerant. Tadpoles growth and development slowed as salinities increased, by 12 ppt SW, they did not metamorphose. Tadpoles reared in 3, 6, and 9 ppt SW metamorphosed at similar size and time, suggesting they were able to tolerate 9 ppt SW. Tadpoles reared in changing salinities showed metamorphic plasticity. Increasing salinities from low (i.e., 3 ppt) to high (i.e., 12 ppt) delayed growth and development of young tadpoles. For old tadpoles, increased salinity induced metamorphosis at a smaller size. When salinity reduced from 12 to 3 ppt, growth and development of tadpoles resumed, permitting tadpoles to attain maximum size at metamorphosis. Overall, results showed that Rana cancrivora tadpoles are highly salt-tolerant and exhibited metamorphic plasticity in response to fluctuating salinity.

中文摘要…………………………………………………………………1
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………2
前言………………………………………………………………………3
文獻探討…………………………………………………………………6
材料與方法……………………………………………………………13
結果……………………………………………………………………20
討論……………………………………………………………………24
總結……………………………………………………………………36
參考文獻………………………………………………………………37
表目……………………………………………………………………48
圖目……………………………………………………………………49
表………………………………………………………………………50
圖………………………………………………………………………53

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