臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

資源需求規劃和即時化生產系統是目前最常用於生產排程的兩種管理工具，它們的功能在於可以使生產過程更為有效率，同時將有限的資源配置在適合的位置使其發揮最大的功效。生產規劃問題的觀念和資源受限之專案排程問題（Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problems; RCPSP）十分相似，「RCPSP問題」中所探討的為如何運用專案管理技術求得資源受限下最短的專案完成時間，因此在本研究中將運用專案管理技術融合資源需求規劃和即時化生產系統之觀念來進行生產排程規劃。
本研究中我們會建立數學規劃模型來協助生產排程規劃，主要的研究主題分成四個部份：首先是在專案排程前藉由找出專案最有可能執行時間來縮減變數個數，第二為比較不同批量對於生產收益性的影響，第三將存貨成本納入考量，確保在生產過程中存貨成本可以最小化，最後是運用數學規劃模型求得最小趕工成本之趕工計劃。
研究中提出之數學規模型均經過兩個假設性專案的數據檢測其在解決資源分派/資源排程問題上的適用性，均證明能以極有效的方式得到最佳化的結果。並希冀對實務界的生產規劃管理人員有顯著的幫助。

Production Scheduling Problem and Project Scheduling Problem are normally treated as the different types of scheduling problems. The former deals with the schedule of production activities, the latter copes with the schedule of the activities forming a project. However, in nature, production scheduling problem is quite similar to Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP). In the past, the objective for solving a RCPSP is mainly focused on obtaining the optimal project schedule so as to minimize the makespan using project management technique.
Thus, this study attempts to solve the production scheduling problems with tight resource constraints using project management technique. A number of mathematical programming models are developed to solve the production scheduling problems in different scenarios. The first one is to find a tighter upper bound for the project duration. The second one tries to compare the profitability among different lot-sized production strategies. Then, the just-in-time philosophy is incorporated in the third model so that the inventory cost is minimized. The last model aims to shorten the makespan by crashing strategy.
The developed mathematical models are verified and tested through two case projects with different number of activities and resources. Hopefully, the proposed models may stimulate the relevant practitioners in a different way of thinking for tackling production scheduling problem.

致謝.......................................................................... I
中文摘要...................................................................... II
Abstract .................................................................... III
List of Contents ............................................................. IV
List of Figures ........................................................ V
List of Tables ......................................................... VII
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................1
1.1 Research Background and Motivation ................................ 1
1.2 Research Objective ..................................................................... 2
1.3 Overview of the Thesis ............................................ 4
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURES REVIEW .................................... 5
2.1 Project scheduling problem............................................ 5
2.2 Resource-constrained project scheduling .............................. 8
2.3 Just-in-Time production .................................................. 12
2.4 Crashing in RCPSP ........................................................................ 13
CHAPTER 3 MODEL FORMULATION ...................................................15
3.1 Notations .................................................................... 15
3.2 Descriptions of objects and each constraint .......................... 18
3.3 The objectives and each constraint ...................................... 25
3.4 The entire model ......................................................... 29
CHAPTER 4 EXPERIMENTS AND DISCUSSIONS ........................................ 35
4.1 Case 1：(3×4) Project .................................................... 35
4.2 Case 2：(6×3) Project .................................................... 51
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................. 67
5.1 Conclusions ............................................................. 67
5.2 Directions of future researches ..................................... 68
References ....................................................................70
Appendixes ................................................................... 73

1.Alcaraz, J & Maroto, C. (2001). A robust genetic algorithm for resource allocation in project scheduling. Annals of Operations Research 102, 83–109.
2.Maiga, S, Adam & Jacobs, A, Fred. (2009). JIT performance effects: A research note. Advances in Accounting, incorporating Advances in International Accounting 25 (2009) 183-189.
3.Baar, T, Brucker, P & Knust, S. (1998). Tabu-search algorithms and lower bounds for resource-constrained scheduling problem. Kluwer Academic 1–18.
4.Balakrishnan, R, Linsmeier, T & Venkatachalam, M. (1996). Financial benefits from JIT adoption: Effects of customer concentration and cost structure. The Accounting Review 71, 183−205.
5.Blazewicz, J & Lenstra, J. (1983). Scheduling projects to resource constraints: Classification and complexity. Discrete Applied Mathematics 5, 11-24.
6.Böttcher, J, Drexl, A., Kolisch, R& Salewski, F. (1999). Project Scheduling Under Partially Renewable Resource Constraints. Management Science 45(4), 543-559.
7.Demeulemeester, E & Herroelen, W. (1992). A branch-and-bound procedure for multiple resource-constrained project scheduling problems. Management Science 38, 1803-1818.
8.Elmaghraby, S. E. (1995). Activity nets: A guided tour through some recent developments. European Journal of Operational Research, Volume 82, Issue 3, 383-408.
9.Etgar, R. Shtub, A & LeBlanc, L, J. (1995). Scheduling projects to maximize net present value-the case of time-dependent, contingent cash flows. European Journal of Operational Research, Volume 96, 90-96.
10.Fullerton, R. McWatters, R,Cheryl & Fawson, C. (2001). An examination of the relationships between JIT and financial performance. Journal of Operations Management 21(4), 383-404.
11.Abbasi, Y, Ghaleb & Mukattash, M, Adnan. (2001). Crashing PERT networks using mathematical programming. International Journal of Project Management 25 (2007) 637–646.
12.Goldratt EM. (1984). The goal. The North River Press.
13.Icmeli-Tukel, O & Rom, W. O. (1997). Ensuring quality in resource constrained project scheduling. European Journal of Operational Research 103(3), 483-496.
14.Yang I-Tung (2007). Performing complex project crashing analysis with aid of particle swarm optimization algorithm. International Journal of Project Management 25 (2007) 637–646.
15.Roca Javier. Bossuyt Filip & Libert Gaetan. (2007). PSPSolver: An Open Source Library for the RCPSP.
16.Moumene Khaled & Ferland, A, Jacques. (2009). Activity list representation for a generalization of the resource-constrained project scheduling problem. European Journal of Operational Research 199, 46-54.
17.Kinney, M & Wempe, W. (2002). Further evidence on the extent and origins of JIT's profitability effects. The Accounting Review 77, 203−225.
18.Kolisch, R & Drexl, A. (1996). Adaptative search for solving hard project scheduling problems. Naval Research Logistics 43, 23–40.
19.Kolisch, R & Padman, R. (2001). An integrated survey of deterministic project scheduling. The International Journal of Management Science 29,249-272.
20.Tuong Nguyen Huynh & Soukhal Ameur. (2010). Due dates assignment and JIT scheduling with equal-size jobs. European Journal of Operational Research 205 (2010) 280–289.
21.Nonobe, K & Ibaraki, T. (2002). Formulation and tabu search algorithm for the resource constrained project scheduling problem. Kluwer Academic Publishers 557-588.
22.Nudtasomboon, N & S. U. Randhawa. (1997). Resource-constrained project scheduling with renewable and non-renewable resources and time-resource tradeoffs. Computers & Industrial Engineering Volume 32, Issue 1, 227-242.
23.Zwikae Ofer. Cohen Yuval & Sadeh Arik. (2006). Non-delay scheduling as a managerial approach for managing projects. International Journal of Project Management 24 (2006) 330–336.
24.Ohno, T. (1988). Toyota Production System: Beyond Large-scale Production Productivity Press.
25.Brucker Peter. (2002). Scheduling and constraint propagation. Discrete Applied Mathematic 123, 227-256.
26.Pritsker, A.A.B, Watters, L.J & Wolfe, P.M.(1969). Multi-project scheduling with limited resources: a zero-one programming approach. Management Science 16, 93-108.
27.Sprecher, A.& Drexl, A. (1995). Characterization and Generation of A General Class of Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problems. Management Science, Volume 41, Issue 10.
28.Benton, W, C & Shin Hojung. (1998). Manufacturing planning and control: The evolution of MRP and JIT integration. European Journal of Operational Research 110, 411-440.
29.Womack, J.P., Jones, D.T& Roos, D. (1990). The Machine That Changed World: The Story of Lean Production, Harper Perennial.
30.Talbot, F. B. (1982). Resource-constrained project scheduling with time-resource tradeoffs - the. Non-preemptive case. Management Science 28(10), 1197-1210.
31.Zipkin, P.H. (1991). Does manufacturing need a JIT Revolution? Harvard Business review, January-February, 40-50.
32.郭詩豪(2004)。於時間區間配置下有限資源專案排程問題最佳化之研究-以混合整數現性規畫求解。國立成功大學，工業與資訊管理學系碩士班，碩士論文。
33.朱碩智(2004)。The Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problems (RCPSP) with Resource Allocation and Scheduling.國立中正大學，企業管理研究所，碩士論文。
34.鄭至中(2006)。資源受限專案排程問題之最佳趕工策略研發。國立中正大學，企業管理研究所，碩士論文。