所謂「工欲善其事必先利其器」，所有成功的任務解決，都需要適合的資訊科技能夠配合使用者的需求與能力，來發揮資訊科技最大效果。本研究藉由加入「使用者科技配適」(User-Technology Fit, UTF)構面來擴展「任務科技配適」(Task-Technology Fit, TTF)模式。「使用者科技配適」(UTF)指的是「當使用者能夠使用符合他自己所需的資訊科技時，資訊科技將更可以提升其個人績效」。

使用者在不同的心理階層時會有不同的需求，同時使用者的資訊能力也不同，所以他們所需要與能夠應用的資訊科技也不同。UTF量表是衡量使用者評估工作上所使用資訊科技的量表。這裡所指的資訊科技包含了個人工作上所使用的資訊科技，以及個人在組織或公司內所使用的跨部門共用資訊科技。由於使用者需求或能力不同，所以最能夠配適他的資訊科技也不同。因此，個人與資訊系統特質的配適，將會影響特定的資訊科技與使用者個人特質間鏈結的強度，進而影響個人績效與個人對於資訊科技的使用評估。因此，本研究將「使用者科技配適」(UTF)構面組成分為使用者個人需求與能力等兩個部份，其中「個人需求」以Au等人(2008)提出之「公平需求」(Equitable Needs)問項為參考依據；而「個人能力」之問項，則以Bandura(1986)提出之「自我效能」(Self-efficacy)為發展基礎。本研究進而以此UTF量表來實證並檢測其解釋能力。研究結果顯示，UTF量表具有良好的信度與效度，而且整合UTF與TTF，對於使用者評估資訊系統，可以提供更良好的解釋能力。

Technologies are viewed as tools for carrying out individual tasks. Dedicated technology tools are prerequisites to the successful execution of a job. Nevertheless, the success of a task is depends on who employ these eminent tools. The notion of user-technology fit (UTF) is originate with a missing linkage in tripartite of TTF. User-technology fit is an important construct that was only implicit in many task-technology fit researches and was almost disregarded.

Based on equitable need theory (Au et al., 2008) and self-efficacy (Bandura, 1986), a measure for UTF was developed. The UTF construct was composed by the personal motivation and capabilities. In addition, this study is also to understand why and how UTF can affect the individual performance. Finally, an empirical study was conducted to exam user evaluation of information systems. The analytical results indicated that UTF is a measure with good reliability and validity. Furthermore, integrating UTF and TTF provides a better explanatory power on user evaluations of information systems than TTF only does.

Index of Contents
Abstract II


Chapter 1 – Introduction 1

1.1 Research Background and Motivation 1
1.1.1 The Contribution and Application of TTF --------------------------- 3
1.1.2 The Notion of UTF --------------------------- 6
1.1.3 The Component of UTF --------------------------- 8
1.2 Research Objectives and Questions --------------------------- 9
1.2.1 Research Objectives --------------------------- 9
1.2.2 Research Questions --------------------------- 11


Chapter 2 – Literature Review --------------------------- 12

2.1 Prior Study in Information System Use --------------------------- 12
2.1.1 Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) --------------------------- 13
2.1.2 Task Technology Fit (TTF) --------------------------- 15
2.1.3 Equitable Needs (EN) --------------------------- 19
2.1.4 Self-Efficacy (SE) --------------------------- 22
2.2 User-Technology Fit (UTF) --------------------------- 24
2.2.1 What is UTF --------------------------- 24
2.2.2 The Needs for UTF --------------------------- 26
2.2.3 Theoretical Foundation for UTF --------------------------- 30
2.3 Antecedents of UTF: User and Technology Characteristics ------------------- 32
2.3.1 User Characteristics --------------------------- 33
2.3.1.1 Personal Innovativeness --------------------------- 34
2.3.1.2 Experience --------------------------- 35
2.3.2 Technology Characteristics --------------------------- 36
2.4 Consequences of UTF: Utilization and Performance --------------------------- 38
2.4.1 Utilization --------------------------- 38
2.4.2 Performance --------------------------- 40


Chapter 3 – Research Framework and Hypotheses --------------------------- 41

3.1 Research Framework --------------------------- 41
3.2 Research Hypotheses --------------------------- 43

Chapter 4 – Research Method
4.1 Measure Development --------------------------- 49
4.1.1 Review of Famous Scale Development --------------------------- 49
4.1.2 Question Design --------------------------- 52
4.2 Pretest --------------------------- 54


Chapter 5 Research Results --------------------------- 58

5.1 Pilot Study --------------------------- 58
5.1.1 Demographics of Subjects --------------------------- 58
5.1.2 Data Normality of Pilot Test --------------------------- 59
5.1.3 Reliability and Validity of Pilot Test --------------------------- 60
5.1.4 Exploratory Factor Analysis --------------------------- 62
5.2 Empirical Study
5.2.1 Demographics --------------------------- 63
5.2.2 Reliability --------------------------- 65
5.2.3 Validity --------------------------- 66
5.2.4 Nomological Validity --------------------------- 68
5.2.4.1 The Effect of User Characteristics on UTF ------------------------ 69
5.2.4.2 The Effect of Technology Characteristics on UTF -------------- 71
5.2.4.3 The Effect of User and Technology Characteristics on UTF ---- 72
5.2.4.4 UTF to Predict Utilization --------------------------- 74
5.2.4.5 UTF to Predict Performance --------------------------- 75
5.3 Competing Models 79


Chapter 6 – Conclusions

6.1 Implications for Research 85
6.2 Implications for Practice 87
6.3 Limitations and Future Research 89

References 90

Appendix A: Questionnaires of UTF 95
Appendix B: Questionnaires of UTF on Web-site 100

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