全球護理人員嚴重短缺，不只增加了護理人員照護時的工作負荷量，更可能影響病患安全，因此，本研究的目的在探討護理人員足量性、時間壓力、工作倦怠與病患安全間的關係。本研究採用橫斷面的問卷調查法收集資料，樣本為台灣北部兩間醫學中心的護理人員，共回收有效樣本458份，並使用結構方程模式進行分析。結果發現護理人員不足，會使其知覺到較高的時間壓力，且影響病患安全。其次，時間壓力會強化工作倦怠中的情緒耗竭，並間接增加去個人化，使其影響病患安全。此外，去個人化也會降低個人成就感。最後，本研究亦提出降低時間壓力及工作倦怠相關感覺的方法，以在實務上協助提升病患安全。

With the worldwide nursing shortage, it increases the nurse workloads and leads to lower patients’ care quality. The purpose of current study is to determine the impact of nurses’ staffing adequacy on time pressure, burnout and patient safety. This study is a cross-sectional design, analyzed with structural equation modeling (SEM). The sample consisted of 458 nurses from two medical centers in Taiwan. The findings of this study found staffing adequacy directly affected nurses’ time pressure, then affected the emotional exhaustion of burnout. Moreover, emotional exhaustion also affected depersonalization and personal accomplishment. Finally, inadequacy of staffing levels not only increased nursing time pressure, also affected the patient safety. The findings also provided implication of hospital managers that reduce nurses’ time pressure and improve their burnout may enhance patient safety effectively.

誌謝 iii
中文摘要 iv
英文摘要 v
目錄 ivi
圖表目錄 iviii
第一章前言 2
第二章文獻回顧 5
2.1 病患安全 5
2.2 資源保存理論 7
2.3 人員足量性 8
2.4 時間壓力 9
2.5 工作倦怠 11
第三章假說推論 13
3.1 護理人員足量性與病患安全的關係 13
3.2 護理人員足量性與時間壓力的關係 13
3.3 時間壓力與病患安全的關係 14
3.4 時間壓力與情緒耗竭的關係 15
3.5 情緒耗竭與病患安全的關係 16
3.6 情緒耗竭與去個人化的關係 17
3.7 去個人化與病患安全的關係 18
3.8 去個人化與個人成就感的關係 18
3.9 個人成就感與病患安全的關係 19
第四章研究方法 21
4.1 樣本 21
4.2 流程 24
4.3 測量工具 25
第五章分析 37
5.1 假說檢定結果 37
第六章結論 40
6.1 研究發現 40
6.2 理論意涵 40
6.3 管理意涵 41
6.4 研究限制與未來研究 43

圖一：研究架構圖 - 20 -
表1：護理人員樣本概述 - 23 -
表2：測量模式結果 - 30 -
表3：各構念間的相關 - 35 -
表4：假說檢定結果 - 37 -

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