臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文主要目的為研製一套以DSP微控制器為控制核心之市電併聯型風力發電系統，並具有改善發電機及市電系統功率因數及電流諧波的功用。風能經由全數位控制的實驗架構轉換至市電系統，其中包括1.5kW 永磁式同步風力發電機、三相切換式整流器、推挽式升壓轉換器及單相變流器。三相切換式整流器採用最大功率追蹤演算法調節風力發電機轉速，使風力有效作用在葉片上而不會引起擾流，進而有效的擷取風能。推挽式升壓轉換器則用以提升切換式整流器輸出電壓，使單相變流器之輸出電壓能夠匹配市電電壓等級。而單相變流器主要用以維持固定的直流匯流排電壓，並將風力發電機所產生的電功率饋入市電。為了改善風力發電機與市電系統的電力品質，本論文在切換式整流器和單相變流器的控制迴路中額外整合了無效電力補償以及主動式濾波器的功能。此外，為了達到快速且精確的電流響應，本論文採用比例-諧振控制器，其具有降低控制器設計的複雜度並可減少DSP 微控制器的運算負擔。由實驗結果可證明所提的風力發電系統不僅具有良好的效能，並且可改善系統的電力品質，具有單位功因傳輸、較低的電壓總諧波失真率(<0.7%)及較低的電流總諧波失真率(<4.5%)之優點，符合IEEE Std. 519 之規範。

The purpose of the thesis is to develop a DSP-based grid-connected wind energy conversion system (WECS), capable of compensating the power factor and current harmonic for the wind-driven generator and the grid utility. The wind power is converted to the grid through a fully digital-controlled laboratory prototype which consists of a 1.5kW wind driven permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), a three-phase switching rectifier, a push-pull converter, and a grid-tied single phase inverter. The three-phase switching rectifier is used to regulate the wind turbine speed such that the wind can influence the moving blade in an efficient way without causing turbulent vortex. The push-pull converter boosts the voltage generated by the switching rectifier so as to adapt the single-phase inverter to the voltage level of the grid utility. The grid-tied single phase inverter is mandatory to maintain the dc-link voltage in order to deliver the wind power to the grid utility. To refine the power quality for the PMSG and the grid utility, additional control loops including
reactive power compensator and active power filter are integrated into switching rectifier and single phase inverter. To achieve quick and accurate control in current response, a proportional-resonant (PR) current controller is adopted. The PR-controller is also advantageous to reduce the complexity in control design and the computation burden for the DSP microcontroller. The experimental results not only investigate the performance of the proposed WECS but also show that the refined power qualities such as the unity power factor, low total voltage harmonic distortion (<0.7%) and low total current harmonic distortion (<4.5%) at the grid utility fulfill the requirement stated in IEEE Std. 519.

目錄
致謝 ..................................... iv
中文摘要 ................................... v
Abstract ......................................... vi
目錄 ................................................... vii
圖目錄 ........................................ x
表目錄 ....................................... xv
主要符號表 .......................................... xvi
第一章 緒論 ................................................................................... - 1 -
1-1 研究背景................................................................................................... - 1 -
1-2 文獻回顧................................................................................................... - 5 -
1-3 研究動機與方法....................................................................................... - 9 -
1-4 論文內容介紹......................................................................................... - 11 -
第二章 風力發電系統與市電併聯規範.................................................... - 13 -
2-1 前言......................................................................................................... - 13 -
2-2 風力發電原理......................................................................................... - 13 -
2-3 永磁式同步發電機之數學模型............................................................. - 18 -
2-4 分散式發電與智慧型電網..................................................................... - 20 -
2-5 無效功率與電流諧波............................................................................. - 21 -
2-6 風力發電機與噪音問題......................................................................... - 25 -
2-7 市電併聯規範......................................................................................... - 26 -
2-8 結語......................................................................................................... - 27 -
第三章 風機側系統架構與控制 ............................................................ - 28 -
3-1 前言......................................................................................................... - 28 -
3-2 三相整流器............................................................................................. - 28 -
3-3 三相系統向量控制................................................................................. - 30 -
3-3-1 靜止參考座標軸......................................................................... - 30 -
3-3-2 同步參考座標軸......................................................................... - 32 -
3-3-3 三相系統功率控制..................................................................... - 33 -
3-4 三相切換式整流器之控制策略............................................................. - 34 -
3-4-1 電流控制器設計......................................................................... - 35 -
3-4-2 電壓調變..................................................................................... - 41 -
3-5 風力發電最大功率追蹤......................................................................... - 48 -
3-5-1 直接查表法................................................................................. - 49 -
3-5-2 模糊控制法................................................................................. - 51 -
3-6 風力發電機之無效功率控制................................................................. - 59 -
3-7 結語......................................................................................................... - 62 -
第四章 市電側系統架構與控制 ........................................................ - 63 -
4-1 前言......................................................................................................... - 63 -
4-2 推挽式升壓轉換器................................................................................. - 63 -
4-3 直流側串聯濾波電路............................................................................. - 69 -
4-4 單相電壓源型變流器與控制策略......................................................... - 72 -
4-4-1 單相系統之向量分析................................................................. - 73 -
4-4-2 電流控制器設計......................................................................... - 74 -
4-4-3 電壓調變..................................................................................... - 76 -
4-5 市電側系統有效功率與無效功率控制................................................. - 80 -
4-6 單相主動式濾波器................................................................................. - 83 -
4-7 結語......................................................................................................... - 89 -
第五章 系統硬體與程式規劃 ............................................................... - 91 -
5-1 前言......................................................................................................... - 91 -
5-2 系統硬體架構......................................................................................... - 91 -
5-2-1 系統架構..................................................................................... - 93 -
5-2-2 周邊電路..................................................................................... - 96 -
5-3 程式規劃................................................................................................. - 99 -
5-4 結語....................................................................................................... - 105 -
第六章 實驗結果與分析 ..................................................................... - 107 -
6-1 前言....................................................................................................... - 107 -
6-2 風力發電最大功率追蹤....................................................................... - 107 -
6-2-1 直接查表法之實驗結果........................................................... - 110 -
6-2-2 模糊控制法之實驗結果........................................................... - 113 -
6-2-3 最大功率演算法討論與分析................................................... - 115 -
6-3 風力發電機無效功率補償................................................................... - 122 -
6-4 風力發電機噪音抑制........................................................................... - 124 -
6-5 單相系統無效功率補償....................................................................... - 130 -
6-6 單相選擇性主動式濾波器................................................................... - 137 -
6-7 系統整合與市電併聯........................................................................... - 145 -
6-8 電力品質與併聯法規........................................................................... - 152 -
6-9 結語....................................................................................................... - 156 -
第七章 結論與未來展望 ................................................................. - 158 -
7-1 結論....................................................................................................... - 158 -
7-2 未來展望............................................................................................... - 159 -
附錄A：蒲福風級表 ................................................................................. - 160 -
附錄B：風力發電機之參數 ..................................................................... - 161 -
附錄C：電能轉換器之參數 ..................................................................... - 162 -
附錄D：電能轉換器控制策略之參數 ..................................................... - 163 -
參考文獻 ................................................................................................... - 165 -
作者簡歷及相關著作 ............................................................................... - 178 -
圖目錄
圖1.1 帄均能源消費量與生產毛額、用電量之趨勢........................................... - 1 -
圖1.2 全球溫度上升趨勢與地表溫升................................................................... - 2 -
圖1.3 國際石化燃料價格趨勢............................................................................... - 2 -
圖1.4 全球風力發電累積裝設容量....................................................................... - 3 -
圖1.5 歐洲中小型風力發電機的發展................................................................... - 4 -
圖2.1 風力發電機類型......................................................................................... - 14 -
圖2.2 風力發電機轉換效率示意圖..................................................................... - 15 -
圖2.3 風力機轉速與風能轉換效率之關係......................................................... - 16 -
圖2.4 功率係數CP 與葉尖速度比λ 關係示意圖 .............................................. - 17 -
圖2.5 不同風速下，風力發電機轉速對輸出電功率之關係............................. - 17 -
圖2.6 三相24 極Y 接之永磁式同步發電機等效電路 .................................... - 19 -
圖2.7 傳統電網監控方式與未來電網比較......................................................... - 21 -
圖2.8 分散式發電結構示意圖............................................................................. - 21 -
圖2.9 諧波成份示意圖......................................................................................... - 22 -
圖2.10 風力發電機之噪音分布........................................................................... - 25 -
圖3.1 整流器種類示意圖..................................................................................... - 28 -
圖3.2 傳統風力發電系統架構............................................................................. - 29 -
圖3.3 二極體整流輸入電壓、電流實驗波形..................................................... - 30 -
圖3.4 二極體整流器電流諧波頻譜..................................................................... - 30 -
圖3.5 三相與靜止座標示意圖............................................................................. - 31 -
圖3.6 靜止參考座標軸與同步參考座標軸關係................................................. - 32 -
圖3.7 解耦向量控制在參考座標軸之關係......................................................... - 34 -
圖3.8 風力發電機側系統架構............................................................................. - 35 -
圖3.9 切換式整流器電流控制器......................................................................... - 35 -
圖3.10 比例-積分(PI)控制器追蹤交流電流命令實驗波形 ............................. - 36 -
圖3.11 比例-諧振(PR)控制器追蹤交流電流命令實驗波形 ............................ - 37 -
圖3.12 比例-諧振(PR)控制器轉換函數之波德圖 ............................................ - 37 -
圖3.13 比例-諧振(PR)控制器比例係數Kp 設計 ............................................... - 38 -
圖3.14 比例-諧振(PR)控制器諧振係數Kr 設計 ............................................... - 38 –
圖3.15 比例-諧振(PR)控制器截止頻率係數ωc 設計 ...................................... - 39 -
圖3.16 比例-諧振(PR)控制器之切換式整流器電流控制器 ............................ - 39 -
圖3.17 使用z 運算子與δ 運算子轉換域穩定度 .............................................. - 40 -
圖3.18 使用z 運算子與δ 運算子控制器實現結果與結構比較 ...................... - 41 -
圖3.19 離散化實現型式結構............................................................................... - 41 -
圖3.20 空間向量-磁滯電流控制調變技術控制方塊圖 .................................... - 42 -
圖3.21 正弦式脈波寬度調變技術控制方塊圖................................................... - 42 -
圖3.22 切換式整流器開關模型架構................................................................... - 42 -
圖3.23 切換式整流器基本空間向量開關切換模式........................................... - 43 -
圖3.24 空間向量脈波寬度調變各區間所調變之PWM 訊號切換狀態 .......... - 44 -
圖3.25 空間向量脈波寬度調變向量合成與開關訊號....................................... - 45 -
圖3.26 磁滯電流控制調變技術之電壓、電流實驗波形................................... - 47 -
圖3.27 空間向量-磁滯電流控制調變技術之電壓、電流實驗波形 ................. - 47 -
圖3.28 空間向量脈波寬度調變技術之電壓、電流實驗波形........................... - 48 -
圖3.29 切換式整流器使用各調變技術之電力品質關係................................... - 48 -
圖3.30 二極體整流器與切換式整流器電流諧波比較....................................... - 48 -
圖3.31 以直接查表法實現之最大功率追蹤控制器........................................... - 49 -
圖3.32 直接查表法追蹤過程............................................................................... - 50 -
圖3.33 直接查表法啟動實驗波形....................................................................... - 51 -
圖3.34 改善後直接查表法啟動實驗波形........................................................... - 51 -
圖3.35 模糊控制法原理與追蹤流程................................................................... - 52 -
圖3.36 以模糊控制法實現之最大功率追蹤控制器........................................... - 53 -
圖3.37 模糊控制法歸屬函數特性....................................................................... - 55 -
圖3.38 模糊控制法最大-最小合成方法 ............................................................ - 55 -
圖3.39 使用Matlab 模糊設計工具之規則庫設定 ............................................ - 56 -
圖3.40 以Matlab 模糊工具進行模糊控制的設計 ............................................ - 56 -
圖3.41 模糊控制法輸入與輸出之歸屬函數....................................................... - 57 -
圖3.42 模糊控制法增益規劃與增益帄面........................................................... - 58 -
圖3.43 切換式整流器無效功率補償工作模式................................................... - 60 -
圖3.44 切換式整流器有效功率方向控制示意圖............................................... - 61 -
圖3.45 風機側切換式整流器控制方塊圖........................................................... - 62 -
圖4.1 推挽式升壓轉換器架構............................................................................. - 64 -
圖4.2 當Q1 導通，Q2 截止導通路徑：模式一(M1) ......................................... - 65 -
圖4.3 當Q1 截止，Q2 截止導通路徑：模式二(M2) ......................................... - 66 -
圖4.4 當Q1 截止，Q2 導通導通路徑：模式三(M3) ......................................... - 66 -
圖4.5 推挽式升壓轉換器之相關波形................................................................. - 68 -
圖4.6 市電併聯側系統架構................................................................................. - 69 -
圖4.7 單相變流器直流側電流及功率的交流成份............................................. - 70 -
圖4.8 使用低通濾波器之單相變流器架構......................................................... - 70 -
圖4.9 使用串聯濾波器之單相變流器架構......................................................... - 71 -
圖4.10 無串聯濾波器單相變流器輸入與輸出電流波形................................... - 72 -
圖4.11 使用串聯濾波器的單相變流器實驗波形 ............................................. - 72 -
圖4.12 單相半橋式電壓源型變流器架構........................................................... - 73 -
圖4.13 單相全橋式電壓源型變流器架構........................................................... - 73 -
圖4.14 單相系統解耦向量控制在參考座標軸之關係....................................... - 74 -
圖4.15 單相變流器的電流控制器....................................................................... - 75 -
圖4.16 比例-諧振(PR)控制器之單相變流器電流控制器 ................................ - 76 -
圖4.17 單相全橋式變流器之雙極性調變技術................................................... - 76 -
圖4.18 單相全橋式變流器之單極性調變技術................................................... - 77 -
圖4.19 單相全橋式變流器之開關模型............................................................... - 77 -
圖4.20 改良型正弦式脈波寬度調變技術開關時序與相關波形....................... - 79 -
圖4.21 改良型正弦式脈波寬度調變技術電壓波形........................................... - 80 -
圖4.22 改良型正弦式脈波寬度調變技術輸出脈波電壓與負載電壓............... - 80 -
圖4.23 市電側直流穩壓控制器........................................................................... - 81 -
圖4.24 耦合點之無效功率補償控制示意圖....................................................... - 81 -
圖4.25 市電側無效功率補償控制器................................................................... - 82 -
圖4.26 單相變流器由電感性補償轉換成電阻性補償之實驗波形................... - 82 -
圖4.27 單相變流器由電容性補償轉換成電阻性補償之實驗波形................... - 83 -
圖4.28 耦合點之諧波電流補償控制示意圖....................................................... - 84 -
圖4.29 傳統的選擇性諧波偵測器....................................................................... - 84 -
圖4.30 二階通用型積分器................................................................................... - 85 -
圖4.31 二階通用型積分器頻域分析................................................................... - 85 -
圖4.32 二階通用型積分器參數設計................................................................... - 86 -
圖4.33 二階通用型積分器之選擇性諧波偵測器............................................... - 86 -
圖4.34 比例-諧振(PR)控制器之選擇性主動式濾波器 .................................... - 87 -
圖4.35 比例-諧振(PR)控制器之選擇性主動式濾波器頻域分析 .................... - 87 -
圖4.36 傳統的選擇性主動式濾波器................................................................... - 88 -
圖4.37 傳統選擇性主動式濾波器....................................................................... - 89 -
圖4.38 選擇性主動式濾波器............................................................................... - 89 -
圖4.39 市電側單相變流器控制方塊圖............................................................... - 90 -
圖5.1 單相市電併聯型風力發電系統實驗帄台................................................. - 91 -
圖5.2 單相市電併聯型風力發電系統架構......................................................... - 92 -
圖5.3 長庚大學之實驗風場................................................................................. - 93 -
圖5.4 霍爾電壓感測器電路................................................................................. - 96 -
圖5.5 光耦合驅動電路......................................................................................... - 97 -
圖5.6 風速轉換電路的流程圖............................................................................. - 97 -
圖5.7 頻率-電壓(F/V)轉換電路 .......................................................................... - 98 -
圖5.8 風速轉換電路之實驗波形......................................................................... - 98 -
圖5.9 單相市電併聯型風力發電系統控制方塊圖............................................. - 99 -
圖5.10 系統主程式規劃流程圖......................................................................... - 101 -
圖5.11 市電側變流器啟動與故障保護子程式規劃流程圖 ........................... - 102 -
圖5.12 風機側控制系統程式規劃流程圖......................................................... - 104 -
圖5.13 市電側控制系統與系統停止子程式規劃流程圖................................. - 106 -
圖6.1 風力發電機最大功率追蹤實驗架構...................................................... - 107 -
圖6.2 未執行最大功率追蹤時系統之動態響應過程....................................... - 108 -
圖6.3 未執行最大功率追蹤之累積能量........................................................... - 109 -
圖6.4 未執行最大功率追蹤之能量換轉換效率............................................... - 109 -
圖6.5 未執行最大功率追蹤之功率-轉速曲線 ................................................ - 110 -
圖6.6 最佳轉速常數時直接查表法時系統之動態響應過程........................... - 111 -
圖6.7 最佳轉速常數時直接查表法之累積能量............................................... - 111 -
圖6.8 最佳轉速常數時直接查表法之能量轉換效率....................................... - 112 -
圖6.9 最佳轉速常數時直接查表法之功率-轉速曲線 .................................... - 112 -
圖6.10 模糊控制法時系統之動態響應過程..................................................... - 113 -
圖6.11 模糊控制法之累積能量 ....................................................................... - 114 -
圖6.12 模糊控制法之能量轉換效率................................................................. - 114 -
圖6.13 模糊控制法之功率-轉速曲線 .............................................................. - 115 -
圖6.14 各種最大功率演算法能量轉換效率分布............................................. - 118 -
圖6.15 各種最大功率演算法帄均化能量轉換效率分布................................. - 118 -
圖6.16 以較低的轉速常數(b=0.0234)進行直接查表法之功率-轉速曲線 .... - 120 -
圖6.17 以較高的轉速常數(b=0.0702)進行直接查表法之功率-轉速曲線 .... - 121 -
圖6.18 風力發電機無效功率補償實驗架構..................................................... - 122 -
圖6.19 切換式整流器由電容性補償轉換成電阻性補償之實驗波形............. - 123 -
圖6.20 切換式整流器由電阻性補償轉換成電感性補償之實驗波形............. - 123 -
圖6.21 切換式整流器由電感性補償轉換成電容性補償之實驗波形............. - 123 -
圖6.22 傳統二極體整流器輸出電流與傅立葉分析......................................... - 124 -
圖6.23 切換式整流器輸出電流與傅立葉分析................................................. - 125 -
圖6.24 在低轉速下傳統二極體整流器噪音振幅與傅立葉分析..................... - 127 -
圖6.25 在低轉速下切換式整流器噪音振幅與傅立葉分析............................. - 127 -
圖6.26 在中轉速下傳統二極體整流器噪音振幅與傅立葉分析..................... - 128 -
圖6.27 在中轉速下切換式整流器噪音振幅與傅立葉分析............................. - 128 -
圖6.28 在高轉速下傳統二極體整流器噪音振幅與傅立葉分析..................... - 129 -
圖6.29 在高轉速下切換式整流器噪音振幅與傅立葉分析............................. - 129 -
圖6.30 單相系統無效功率補償示意圖............................................................. - 130 -
圖6.31 電阻性負載實驗：PCC 之電壓、電流波形 ........................................ - 131 -
圖6.32 電阻性負載實驗：PCC 經無效功率補償之電壓、電流波形 ............ - 131 -
圖6.33 電阻性負載實驗：PCC 經無效功率補償之電力品質分析 ................ - 131 -
圖6.34 電容性負載實驗：PCC 之電壓、電流波形 ........................................ - 132 -
圖6.35 電容性負載實驗：PCC 經無效功率補償之電壓、電流波形 ............ - 132 -
圖6.36 電容性負載實驗：PCC 經無效功率補償之電力品質分析 ................ - 133 -
圖6.37 電感性負載實驗：PCC 之電壓、電流波形 ........................................ - 133 -
圖6.38 電感性負載實驗：PCC 經無效功率補償之電壓、電流波形 ............ - 134 -
圖6.39 電感性負載實驗：PCC 經無效功率補償之電力品質分析 ................ - 134 -
圖6.40 電阻性負載投入與移除實驗：PCC 電壓、電流之動態響應 ............ - 135 -
圖6.41 電容性負載投入與移除實驗：PCC 電壓、電流之動態響應 ............ - 135 -
圖6.42 電感性負載投入與移除實驗：PCC 電壓、電流之動態響應 ............ - 136 -
圖6.43 單相系統電流諧波補償示意圖............................................................. - 137 -
圖6.44 非線性負載投入實驗：PCC 之電壓、電流波形 ................................ - 138 -
圖6.45 非線性負載投入實驗：PCC 之電力品質分析 .................................... - 138 -
圖6.46 二階通用型積分器諧波偵測器之實驗波形......................................... - 139 -
圖6.47 選擇性主動式濾波器對三次電流諧波進行補償實驗波形................. - 139 -
圖6.48 選擇性主動式濾波器對三次電流諧波進行補償之電力品質............. - 139 -
圖6.49 非線性負載投入實驗：PCC 經控制策略補償之電壓、電流波形 .... - 140 -
圖6.50 非線性負載投入實驗：PCC 經控制策略補償之電力品質 ................ - 141 -
圖6.51 選擇性主動式濾波器補償前後的電流諧波分布................................. - 141 -
圖6.52 選擇性主動式濾波器補償前後的功率因數......................................... - 141 -
圖6.53 選擇性主動式濾波器在負載改變之諧波偵測器響應......................... - 142 -
圖6.54 選擇性主動式濾波器在負載改變之動態響應..................................... - 142 -
圖6.55 選擇性主動式濾波器在負載由250Ω 增加至500Ω 之暫態響應 ..... - 143 -
圖6.56 選擇性主動式濾波器在負載由500Ω 降低至250Ω 之暫態響應 ..... - 143 -
圖6.57 負載為250Ω 時，補償前後電流諧波比較 .......................................... - 145 -
圖6.58 負載為500Ω 時，補償前後電流諧波比較 .......................................... - 145 -
圖6.59 單相市電併聯型風力發電系統架構..................................................... - 146 -
圖6.60 風機側切換式整流器控制器驗證實驗................................................. - 146 -
圖6.61 市電側單相變流器控制器驗證實驗..................................................... - 147 -
圖6.62 單相併聯型風力發電系統與市電併聯的動態響應過程..................... - 148 -
圖6.63 啟動時(2-6 秒)操作曲線的收斂軌跡................................................... - 148 -
圖6.64 單相併聯型風力發電系統與市電併聯的實際電壓、電流波形......... - 149 -
圖6.65 啟動後(6-100 秒)操作曲線的追蹤軌跡............................................... - 149 -
圖6.66 風速與風力發電系統輸出電壓、電流的動態響應波形..................... - 150 -
圖6.67 單相市電併聯型風力發電系統使用直接查表法之動態響應過程..... - 151 -
圖6.68 單相市電併聯型風力發電系統使用直接查表法之累積能量............. - 151 -
圖6.69 單相市電併聯型風力發電系統使用直接查表法之能量轉換效率..... - 152 -
圖6.70 單相市電併聯型風力發電系統使用直接查表法之功率-轉速曲線 .. - 152 -
圖6.71 風機側切換式整流器之穩態電壓、電流之實驗波形......................... - 153 -
圖6.72 風機側切換式整流器之電力品質分析................................................. - 153 -
圖6.73 市電側單相變流器之穩態電壓、電流之實驗波形............................. - 154 -
圖6.74 市電側單相變流器之電力品質分析..................................................... - 154 -
圖6.75 轉換器未啟動前轉換系統兩端之電壓、電流波形............................. - 155 -
圖6.76 轉換器啟動後轉換系統兩端之電壓、電流波形................................. - 155 -
圖6.77 風力發電系統運轉時之功率因數......................................................... - 155 -
表目錄
表1.1 各類初級能源可開採年限統計(2009) ........................................................ - 2 -
表2.1 六類諧波負載帄均電流諧波失真率......................................................... - 23 -
表2.2 常見負載諧波帄均電流諧波失真率......................................................... - 23 -
表2.3 電力諧波對各種電器設備的影響............................................................. - 24 -
表2.4 電力系統諧波管制暫行標準..................................................................... - 27 -
表2.5 用戶責任點之電壓諧波失真率................................................................. - 27 -
表3.1 電壓空間向量與變流器開關狀態的對照表............................................. - 44 -
表4.1 單相全橋式變流器開關狀態..................................................................... - 77 -
表5.1 德州儀器公司TMS320F28335 之晶片硬體規格 ................................... - 95 -
表6.1 各種不同的最大功率追蹤演算法之實驗數據....................................... - 116 -
表6.2 各種不同的最大功率追蹤演算法之實驗結果分析............................... - 119 -
表6.3 最大功率追蹤演算法分析結果............................................................... - 121 -
表6.4 風力發電機噪音抑制實驗結果............................................................... - 126 -
表6.5 市電側無效功率控制器實驗結果........................................................... - 136 -
表6.6 選擇性主動式濾波器實驗結果............................................................... - 144 -
表6.7 電力品質與併聯法規分析結果............................................................... - 156 -
表A.1 蒲福風級表 ............................................................................................ - 160 -
表B.1 本論文所採用風力發電機之參數 ........................................................ - 161 -
表C.1 本論文電能轉換器之參數 ..................................................................... - 162 -
表D.1 本論文電能轉換器控制策略之參數 ................................................. - 163 -

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