臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

蜱可媒介許多疾病，包括細菌、病毒、原蟲、立克次體等，而無形體症 (anaplasmosis)是一種新興的人畜共通傳染病，其病原菌為嗜吞噬球無形體（Anaplasma phagocytophilum），為無形體的一種，以前稱為Ehrlichia phagocytophila，由硬蜱所媒介，可感染人類、綿羊、山羊、牛、犬、貓、馬、鹿及囓齒類等動物，所引起的疾病在犬隻稱為犬多形核白血球無形體症 (canine granulocytic anaplasmosis；CGA)，在人稱為人多形核白血球無形體症 (human granulocytic anaplasmosis；HGA)。人類及犬隻最早的病例報告分別出現在1994年及1996年的美國，歐洲則在1997年才有人類病例報告出現，人類在臨床上會呈現類流感、肌肉疼痛等症狀而犬隻則為高燒、厭食、精神沉鬱及多發性關節炎，因為與萊姆病病原為同一種蜱媒介，所以常併同萊姆病發生。為瞭解臺中地區犬蜱攜帶嗜吞噬球無形體之盛行率，本實驗利用巢式聚合酶鏈連鎖反應 (nested polymerase chain reaction；nested PCR)方法，將2008年8月至2010年10月隨機採集的不分品種、年齡及性別之同一犬隻身上所採集到的蜱（102隻犬隻收集蜱總數量比約為70﹪Rhipicephalus sanguineus and 30﹪Haemaphysalis spp.）以5-8隻當作一個樣本，偵測所抽取之DNA是否含有 Anaplasma phagocytophilum 細胞外膜特異蛋白（p44/msp2）基因，結果皆呈現陰性反應（0/102）。本研究結果可提供相關單位作為疾病防疫及公共衛生上之參考。

Ticks are notorious vectors of various pathogenic protozoa, rickettsiae, bacteria, and viruses that cause serious and life threatening illnesses in humans and animals worldwide. Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne infectious disease of cattle, sheep, goats, dogs and other domestic ruminants. Anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly Ehrlichia phagocytophlia) is a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium. This pathogen is transmitted by hard ticks and causes granulocytic anaplasmosis in dogs and humans. In dogs, it causes lameness and is often confused with Lyme disease in the United States. It was first described in the U. S. in 1996. For better understanding of possible existence in Taichung city, Taiwan, we collected 102 tick pools（70﹪Rhipicephalus sanguineus and 30﹪Haemaphysalis spp.）from stray dogs during August 2008 to September 2010, and examined with nested-PCR. The results showed all negative (0/102). It could provide epidemic information in dogs, and the disease prevention and/or control measures accordingly in dogs to Taichung city.

Abstract III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VII
第一章 前言 1
第二章 文獻回顧 4
第一節 歷史.....................................................................................................4
第二節 命名與分類........................................................................................6
第三節 傳播途徑............................................................................................8
第四節 臨床症狀 ........................................................................................11
第五節 實驗室檢查 ....................................................................................12
第六節 診斷方法 ........................................................................................12
第七節 世界各國A. Phagocytophilum盛行率..........................................15
第八節 治療及控制......................................................................................16
第三章 材料與方法 17
第一節 實驗材料...........................................................................................17
第二節 蜱核酸之萃取..................................................................................20
第三節 聚合酶鏈反應..................................................................................21
第四節 電泳分析..........................................................................................23
第五節 DNA 定序及分析............................................................................23
第六節 nested PCR陽性樣本定序及比對...................................................23
第四章 結果 25
第一節 蜱樣本來源.......................................................................................25
第二節 Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis (HGA) IFA IgG Test Kit
結果......................................................................................................27
第三節 犬蜱 DNA 偵測結果......................................................................29
第四節nested PCR陽性樣本以pGEM-T easy vector 方式colony定序及比對結果..................................................................................................30
第五章 討論 31
參考文獻 33
附錄一 犬隻來源原始資料 42
附錄二 犬隻血液來源原始資料..................................................................

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