臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

前人研究家庭用紙柔軟度，在手感柔軟度的部分，皆以 n ‒ 1或n2次比對方式，排序優劣。但是，由於家庭用紙品質的變異性及測試者手感敏銳性的限制，很容易造成實驗誤差排序錯誤。針對此一缺點，本研究擬定兩項研究目的：1) 模擬消費者使用情形，建立一套手感柔軟度的標準測試法。2) 應用互反判斷矩陣，建立家庭用紙手感柔軟度的量化分析推論模式。手感柔軟度的標準測試法，包括測試表面柔軟度與嵩厚柔軟度，可反應使用者的需求；應用互反判斷矩陣n (n ‒ 1) / 2次兩兩比對之方式，在相互補償修正誤差後，可達到一個比較合理的排序及量化結果。
本研究分三階段進行。第一階段以七種市售樣品為實驗材料。有三項結論：1) 運用互反判斷矩陣所建構的手感柔軟度推論模式，經專家及一般消費者分別實測對比成果後，確認合乎造紙理論，可以反應面紙橫向抗張強度的強弱。2) 專家及消費者分別所建構之手感柔軟度尺度，經回歸分析，兩者之間判定係數R2 = 0.985，並通過斜率t-檢定。3) 經由訓練，可提高手感柔軟度的判斷能力。
第二階段在生產線管控條件下，經確認紙張物性條件後收集實驗樣品。有四項結論：1) 三角測試法和互反判斷矩陣法，可交互應用於訓練及鑑別測試者之線性能力。2) 依據紙張抗張強度高低收集測試樣品，確認紙張抗張強度和手感柔軟度呈負相關性。3) 一致性分析及調整後，達成滿意的一致性，可改善排序的矛盾。4) 一致性調整過程的趨勢圖變化，有助於實驗分析。
第三階段依據前兩階段所建立的方法，分三組重複實驗，並分析權重的靈敏性。有兩項結論：1) 在同組測試中，建議設立n ≧ 4個標準樣品數。2) 一致性調整過程的趨勢圖，可取代靈敏性分析，正確判斷樣本排序改變的原因。
總合以上，本研究所建構的手感柔軟度測試及量化方法，可反應實際使用狀況，通過統計驗證，符合造紙理論。除此之外，本法最大的貢獻在於建構一套完整的作業流程，包括收集資訊到回饋製程，分為：1) 手感柔軟度試樣準備及測試流程。2) 手感柔軟度量化推論流程。3) 線性能力分析及應用流程。此三大流程可應用於家庭用紙生產線的品質管理，有助於改善製程能力，產品發展與市場調查。

In previous studies of household tissue softness using the hand-felt approach, n2 or n - 1 paired comparisons and ranking methods were employed to distinguish the order of the samples; however, subjective perceptions and objective sample deviations could not easily be excluded. In the present study, two research purposes were set in order to improve the drawbacks: 1) Establish SOP simulated regular using of end users to test hand-felt softness of facial tissue. 2) Applicate reciprocal matrix to quantify and infer hand-felt softness.
The SOP inclusive of testing surface- and bulk-softness of sheets could respond the perceptions of users; The reciprocal matrix using paired comparison method to the n (n - 1) / 2 power was found to be capable of compensating for the biases of testers and samples and generating a more-reasonable and -robust ranking, also hand-felt softness of the samples could be effectively quantified.
Three phases of trial were conducted. The first phase, seven merchandized facial tissue were collected from marketplaces for testing, three major results were achieved: 1) Hand-felt softness inference method established by reciprocal matrix was approved to meet paper manufacturing theories by two panels, experts and laymen. 2) The correlation between two quantified rules established separately by experts and laymen was R2 = 0.985. 3) The proposed pre-test training materials and method were found to be able to enhance the perceptive abilities of the examiners.
The second phase, four grades facial products were collected from production lines for testing, four major results were achieved: 1) Triangle test and reciprocal matrix approach could be used together to identify and train examiners. 2) Sheet tensile strength including MDT, CDT and TTS were major contribution to hand-felt softness approved by designed samples. 3) Consistency analysing and adjusting could eliminate ranking contradiction. 4) Adjusting trends and hand-felt samples could be effectively reviewed together by examiners.
The third phase, three trail sections were conducted based on the findings from previous two phases, two results were found: 1) In order to calibrate the data of hand-felt softness from two or more panels, more than three standard samples ( n ≥ 4) were required for an optimal liner regression. 2) Trend chart of inconsistence adjustment approaches could be employed to realize the robustness of hand-felt ranking, which was better than using marginal-weight calculated in sensitive analysis.
To conclude, the reciprocal matrix and inference method using in this study to quantify hand-felt softness of facial tissue is consistent with paper manufacturing theories approved mathematically that also contribute a procedure from data collection to process feedback, three major processes have been established : 1) Sample preparation and hand-felt softness testing process. 2) Quantification and inference process for hand-felt softness. 3) Linear ability analysis and application process. These three processes can be employed in the quality managements, product developments and marketing surveys.

目錄

封面內頁
簽名頁
中文摘要..............................................................................................iii
英文摘要................................................................................................v
誌謝.................................................................................................vii
目錄.................................................................................................xii
圖目錄.................................................................................................xv
表目錄...............................................................................................xvii
第一章 前言.............................................................................................1
1.1研究動機.....................................................................................1
1.2研究目的.....................................................................................2
1.3 研究範圍....................................................................................3
1.3.1選定分析材料...........................................................................4
1.3.2手感柔軟度推論..........................................................................4
第二章 文獻回顧..........................................................................................6
2.1紙張柔軟度的研究..............................................................................6
2.1.1紙張柔軟度的基本定義....................................................................6
2.1.2超音波儀器.............................................................................6
2.1.3家庭用紙的柔軟度分析....................................................................7
2.1.4手感柔軟度與紙張強度的分析..............................................................11
2.1.5應用手感柔軟度評估紙漿..................................................................13
2.1.6業界的手感柔軟度測試法..................................................................17
2.1.7前人研究及實務界運用小結................................................................17
2.2互反判斷矩陣之研究...........................................................................19
2.2.1建構互反判斷矩陣.......................................................................19
2.2.2特徵值和特徵向量.......................................................................24
2.2.3一致性分析............................................................................29
2.2.4靈敏性分析............................................................................35
2.2.5互反判斷矩陣研究小結...................................................................38
第三章 實驗設計及方法...................................................................................39
3.1實驗目的....................................................................................39
3.2實驗架構....................................................................................39
3.3實驗流程....................................................................................43
3.3.1受測試樣準備..........................................................................44
3.3.2手感柔軟度測試.........................................................................46
3.3.3手感柔軟度量化推論....................................................................48
3.3.4一致性分析...........................................................................52
3.3.5靈敏性分析...........................................................................63
第四章 結果與討論......................................................................................65
4.1第一階段實驗結果與討論.......................................................................65
4.1.1樣品準備及測試團隊的組成................................................................65
4.1.2結果討論..............................................................................67
4.1.3結論.................................................................................78
4.2第二階段實驗結果與討論.......................................................................79
4.2.1測識團員鑑別柔軟度的能力................................................................79
4.2.2標準樣品之收集方法.....................................................................80
4.2.3探討一致性分析.........................................................................83
4.2.4結論與建議............................................................................88
4.3第三階段實驗結果與討論.......................................................................89
4.3.1收集樣品.............................................................................89
4.3.2測識能力鑑別..........................................................................91
4.3.3重複三組實驗..........................................................................91
4.3.4三組資料比對分析.......................................................................92
4.3.5靈敏性分析...........................................................................107
4.3.6結論................................................................................118
4.4標準實驗方法之建立..........................................................................119
4.4.1手感柔軟度試樣準備及測試流程...........................................................119
4.4.2手感柔軟度量化推論流程................................................................123
4.4.3線性能力分析及應用流程................................................................127
第五章 結論.......................................................................... ................129
5.1研究成果..................................................................................129
5.2展望.....................................................................................130
參考文獻..............................................................................................131

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