臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究利用溶膠-凝膠法結合水熱法並搭配模板劑製備奈米二氧化鈦，以Ti(OBu)4作為氧化鈦前驅物及磷酸做為磷摻雜物來源、溴化十六烷基三甲基銨為界面活性劑，並測詴有無界面活性劑的加入、改變磷酸莫爾比、pH值等不同製程參數來合成孔洞及高表面積之二氧化鈦。在觸媒特性分析上使用熱重分析儀(TGA)、X-ray粉末繞射儀(XRD)、比表面積分析儀(BET)、高解晰可變真空掃描式電子顯微鏡及能量散佈光譜儀(VVSEM＆EDX)分別進行樣品的熱穩定性分析、晶體晶相分析、表面積大小分析、孔洞結構分析、表面型態及材料表面元素分布分析。樣品活性是以連續亞甲藍照光降解實驗檢測光活性及計算其反應速率，最後再以合成樣品進行組裝染料敏化電池與測詴。
實驗結果顯示在本研究中以磷修飾氧化鈦合成之樣品晶相接近商用觸媒Hombikat UV100銳鈦礦，加界面活性劑可以再提升樣品表面積，且當P/Ti莫爾比越高時，樣品漸呈無晶相。合成樣品中最高表面積為有添加模板劑且晶相特徵較明顯的P/Ti=0.20時254.1m2/g、孔洞體積0.52 cm2/g、帄均孔隙8.0nm、晶粒大小6.59nm；整體亞甲藍活性P/Ti=0.10有最高的反應速率0.234 min-1，P/Ti=0.15為次之0.203 min-1。目前詴用商用觸媒及樣品電池組裝與I-V curve測量皆在V=0時量測出來的電流值I=0，因此封裝上的技術待改善。

摘要 .............................................................................................................. I
Abstract ........................................................................................................ II
目錄 ........................................................................................................... IV
圖目錄 ...................................................................................................... VII
表目錄 ...................................................................................................... XII
第一章 前言 ............................................................................................... 1
第二章 原理及文獻回顧 ......................................................................... 2
2-1 太陽能電池簡介 ........................................................................ 2
2-1-1 矽太陽能電池 .................................................................. 6
2-1-2 多化合物太陽能電池 ...................................................... 7
2-1-3 新型太陽能電池 .............................................................. 9
2-1-4 染料敏化太陽能電池 .................................................... 10
2-1-5 各太陽能電池比較 ........................................................ 15
2-2 光觸媒原理及應用 .................................................................. 17
2-2-1 光觸媒種類 .................................................................... 18
2-2-2 二氧化鈦介紹 ................................................................ 19
2-2-3 二氧化鈦摻雜物 ............................................................ 22
2-2-4 二氧化鈦摻磷 ................................................................ 25
2-3 孔洞材料 .................................................................................. 26
2-3-1 界面活性劑 .................................................................... 26
2-3-2 界面活性劑水溶液之特性 ............................................ 27
2-3-3 中孔洞材料 .................................................................... 28
2-3-4 MCM-41 ......................................................................... 30
2-4 奈米微粒合成 .......................................................................... 31
2-4-1 氣、液、固相法簡介 .................................................... 31
2-4-2 液相法合成奈米微粒 .................................................... 32
2-4-3 溶膠-凝膠法 .................................................................. 36
2-4-4 水熱法 ............................................................................ 37
2-5 亞甲藍降解反應 ...................................................................... 39
第三章 實驗方法與步驟 ....................................................................... 41
3-1 實驗藥品與儀器 ...................................................................... 41
3-2 實驗步驟及方法 ...................................................................... 43
3-2-1 以磷修飾二氧化鈦之合成 ............................................ 44
3-2-2 亞甲藍光降解活性分析 ................................................ 44
3-2-3 電池組裝 ........................................................................ 46
3-3 特性分析 .................................................................................. 49
3-4-1 熱重分析(TGA) ............................................................. 49
3-4-2 X光粉末繞射(XRD) ..................................................... 49
3-4-3 等溫氮氣吸脫附分析(BET) ......................................... 51
3-4-4 掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM) ............................................. 53
3-4-5 紫外-可見光光譜儀(UV-Vis) ....................................... 54
第四章 實驗結果與討論 ....................................................................... 55
4-1 光觸媒合成製備參數與結果分析 .......................................... 55
4-1-1 以磷修飾氧化鈦之合成 ................................................ 55
4-1-2 以磷修飾氧化鈦並搭配CTMABr之合成 .................. 63
4-1-3 酸鹼值的影響 ................................................................ 73
4-2 亞甲藍光降解活性分析 .......................................................... 79
4-2-1 亞甲藍檢量線 ................................................................ 79
4-2-2 亞甲藍反應速率計算 .................................................... 81
4-3 太陽電池組裝 .......................................................................... 83
4-3-1 葉綠素染料 .................................................................... 83
4-3-2 染料敏化太陽能電池組裝 ............................................ 86
第五章 結果與討論 ............................................................................... 88
第六章 未來與展望 ............................................................................... 90
附錄 ........................................................................................................... 91
附錄A 實驗儀器及裝置 ............................................................... 91
附錄B XRD晶格 .......................................................................... 96
附錄C 氧化鈦JCPDS ................................................................... 97
附錄D 商用型光觸媒(Degussa P 25) ........................................... 98
附錄E 商用型光觸媒(Hombikat UV 100) ................................... 99
附錄F BET 吸/脫附等溫曲線的形式[87] .................................. 100
參考文獻 ................................................................................................. 104

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