工業中所使用的含氯脂肪族碳氫化合物常發現於被污染的地下水體中，由於其低熔點及高蒸氣壓的特性，在地下含水層中無法完全溶解而造成地下水水質的長期危害。針對這類型的污染物，提供土壤微生物碳源與能源，在厭氧的環境下可以有效的進行降解作用。而乳化的大豆油是目前所發現最經濟、不會造成危害且可以持續長期存在於地下水層中，其可以在現地微生物整治工作中有效的提供微生物所需要的基質，故近年有很多的實驗與模式分析欲了解乳化油在地下含水層中的傳輸過程與反應作用。
本研究使用地下水流傳輸模式-MODFLOW(Modular three-dimensional groundwater flow model)及污染物傳輸模式-RT3D(Reactive Transport in 3-Dimensions)模擬乳化油溶液注入土壤管柱後其傳輸及吸附的情況。本研究所使用的實驗資料為參考Coulibaly et al.(2006)的成果，並與Cortis and Ghezzehei(2007)的模式結果比較，以了解不同模式分析乳化油傳輸過程的差異，最後並進行模式參數敏感度的分析。
研究結果顯示，在注入實驗中乳化油溶液可以分佈於80公分長的管柱中，且吸附相濃度變化範圍為1~9mg/g，模擬實驗亦有類似的結果。對流-延散傳輸模式(本研究所使用)在不考慮流速異質分佈分佈的影響下，可能無法描述管柱尾端濃度延遲出流的特性。再者，敏感度分析中，則顯示空床碰撞效率參數對於吸附態乳化油濃度有很大的影響。

Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons which were used in industry are often found in contaminated ground water. Due to low solubility and high vapor pressure, they become a long-term thread once existing in aquifers. In situ anaerobic bioremediation process can effectively degrade such contaminants by additionally providing a carbon source for biomass growth and biological treatment of the contaminants. Emulsion of soybean oil was found to the most effective and economical way to use in the treatment. Recently, several experimental and modeling studies were performed to delineate reactive transport of oil emulsions in water-saturated porous systems.
In this study, a ground water flow model, MODFLOW, and a reactive transport model, RD3T, were applied for analyzing the transport and sorption kinetic of oil emulsions in a water-saturated soil column. Model result was assessed by the experimental data obtained from Coulibaly et al (2006). It was also compared with the result of Cortis and Ghezzehei (2007), who provided a different modeling approach for assessing emulsion transport. Finally sensitivity analysis for certain model parameters was performed.
Similar to the experimental result, model simulation shows that the emulsified oil can distributed in the 80-cm soil column with sorbed phase concentration in the range of 1~9 mg/g. The advective – dispersive transport equation (used in this study) without considering heterogeneity of velocity distribution in the soil column, can not effectively describe ”tailing” observed in the experiment. Furthermore, it is found that change of the parameter, empty bed collision efficiency, can greatly affect the sorbed phase concentrotion levels of emulsified oil.

誌謝 .............................................................................. Ⅰ
摘要 .............................................................................. Ⅲ
Abstract ………………………………………………………….. Ⅴ
目錄 ………………………………………………………….. Ⅵ
表目錄 ………………………………………………………….. Ⅶ
圖目錄 ………………………………………………………….. Ⅷ
第一章 緒論…………………………………………………….. 1
1.1 前言…………………………………………………….. 1
1.2 研究背景……………………………………………….. 4
1.3 文獻回顧……………………………………………….. 9
1.4 研究目的……………………………………………….. 11
第二章 研究方法……………………………………………….. 13
2.1 地下水污染傳輸模式–MODFLOW………………… 13
2.1.1 基本原理………………………………………... 13
2.1.2 數值方法………………………………………… 14
2.1.3 MODFLOW之套件……………………………... 22
2.2 地水污染傳輸模式–RT3D………………………...... 26
2.2.1 基本原理………………………………………… 26
2.2.2 數學方法……………………………………….. 27
2.2.3 輸入套件………………………………………… 35
第三章 模擬研究……………………………………………….. 39
3.1 模擬場景………………………………………………... 39
3.2 MODFLO的設定………………………………………. 44
3.3 RT3D的修改與設定…………………………………… 46
3.4 質量守恆分析………………………………………….. 49
3.5 敏感度分析……………………………………………… 49
第四章 結果與討論……………………………………………… 50
4.1 質量守恆模擬…………………………………………… 50
4.2 乳化油滴傳輸實驗的模擬…………………………….. 54
4.3 敏感度分析……………………………………………… 61
第五章 結論與建議……………………………………………… 65
5.1 結論………………………………………………………. 65
5.2 建議………………………………………………………. 66
第六章 參考文獻…………………………………………………. 67

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