半導體與光電面板為國家重點高科技產業，隨著半導體與光電面板產業技術日新月異發展的同時，製程中所產生的大量酸性廢液和鎵、銦金屬及其化合物的使用有越來越多的趨勢。「綠色化學與永續發展」概念的興起與廢棄物的再生利用已成為一重要的潮流，因此本研究將使用茶葉廢渣及電混凝技術來處理水溶液中的鎵、銦離子，並探討不同操作參數對鎵、銦離子去除效率的影響。第一部分係以茶葉廢渣分別吸附水溶液中的鎵、銦離子，並觀察在不同的操作參數(包括：吸附劑量、起始濃度及溫度)下，茶葉廢渣對水溶液中鎵、銦離子吸附效率與吸附容積的影響，同時也藉由吸附熱力學參數、等溫吸附模式以及吸附動力學來描繪茶葉廢渣吸附鎵、銦離子的吸附特性，其實驗結果顯示，茶葉廢渣可有效吸附水溶液中的鎵、銦離子；溶液pH值為4.0-5.0時茶葉廢渣對水溶液中鎵、銦離子的吸附效果最佳；吸附熱力學參數結果顯示，茶葉廢渣吸附水溶液中鎵、銦離子之過程為自發性的吸熱反應；等溫吸附模式中則較符合Freundlich等溫吸附模式的假設；吸附動力則較適合以二級動力模式來描述茶葉廢渣吸附鎵、銦離子之動力機制。
第二部分則係以電混凝程序來處理水溶液中的銦離子，其中探討不同操作參數(如：電流密度、電解質濃度、起始濃度以及溫度)對水溶液中銦離子去除效率之影響，並以去除水溶液中每公斤之銦離子所需的電能消耗作為較適化操作條件之選擇依據，同時探討電混凝程序所產生之金屬氫氧化物對溶液中銦離子的吸附特性。根據實驗結果顯示，當電流密度6.4 mA cm-2、電解質濃度0.003 N NaCl及溫度298 K時，銦離子去除效率可達90 %以上，電能消耗僅有0.085 kWh kg-1；當pH值低於6.1時，電混凝程序所導致之之銦離子去除效率比直接添加氫氧化鈉所形成之氫氧化銦的沉澱大5倍以上；等溫吸附模式則以Langmuir等溫吸附模式較適合用來描述Fe(OH)3吸附水溶液中銦離子之過程，因此以電混凝程序處理水溶液中的銦離子較符合Langmuir等溫吸附模式的基本假設，該吸附過程屬單層吸附。

Gallium, indium and its compounds have numerous industrial applications in the manufacture of optoelectronics and semiconductors. Two separate parts are represented as the main body of this thesis. In first part, we used batch adsorption techniques to evaluate the potential suitability of tea waste as an environmentally friendly adsorbent for the removal of gallium, indium ions from aqueous solution. In addition, we also investigated the effects of process parameters, such as the solution pH, initial concentration of gallium, indium ions, adsorbent dose and temperature on adsorption performance. The experimental data were fitted with several adsorption isotherm models to describe the adsorption process of gallium, indium ions onto the tea waste. This study indicated that tea waste could be used as an effective and environmentally friendly adsorbent for the treatment of gallium, indium-containing aqueous solutions. The tea waste at pH 4.0 gave the greatest zeta potential value. Therefore, adsorption of gallium, indium ions onto tea waste is at optimum in the pH range 4-5. Thermodynamic parameters, including the Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy, indicated that the gallium, indium adsorption of aqueous solutions onto tea waste was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in the temperature range of 288 K to 318 K. The experimental data were fitted with several adsorption isotherm models to describe the adsorption process of gallium, indium ions onto the tea waste. The predictions of the Freundlich isotherm model satisfactorily matched the experimental observations. In addition, the kinetic data obtained at different initial concentrations were analyzed using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. A pseudo-second-order model provided a good fit to the experimental results with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99.
The second part in this thesis is to investigate the effect of process parameters on the removal of indium ions from aqueous solutions using iron electrocoagulation. Various operating parameters that could potentially affect the removal efficiency were investigated, including the current density, pH variation, supporting electrolyte, initial concentration, and temperature. The optimum current density, supporting electrolyte concentration, and temperature were found to be 6.4 mA cm-2, 0.003 N NaCl, and 298 K, respectively. When the pH values lower than 6.1, the removal efficiencies of indium ions via electrocoagulation were up to 5 times greater than those by adding sodium hydroxide. The adsorption of indium ions preferably fitting the Langmuir adsorption isotherm suggests monolayer coverage of adsorbed molecules.

誌謝 I
摘要 III
Abstract V
目 錄 VII
表目錄 IX
圖目錄 X
第一章 前言 1
1-1 研究緣起 1
1-2 研究動機與目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2-1 茶葉之簡介 4
2-1-1 茶葉起源與現況 4
2-1-2 茶葉的成份及其吸附因子 5
2-2 鎵、銦金屬性質簡介 7
2-2-1 鎵金屬的特性及應用 7
2-2-2 銦金屬的特性及應用 9
2-2-3 溶液中金屬離子的分離方法 10
2-3 吸附理論 14
2-3-1吸附作用的種類 14
2-3-2影響吸附的因子 16
2-3-3特定吸附與非特定吸附 18
2-3-4等溫吸附模式 19
2-3-5吸附動力學模式 21
2-3-6吸附熱力學的探討 23
2-4 電混凝技術介紹與應用 27
2-4-1 混凝機制 27
2-4-2 電混凝理論與機制 30
2-4-3 影響電混凝處理效率之主要參數 35
2-4-4 電混凝技術之應用 38
第三章 實驗方法與設備 59
3-1 茶葉廢渣吸附水溶液中鎵、銦離子之程序 59
3-2 電混凝程序去除水溶液中銦離子之程序 61
3-3 實驗藥品、儀器與設備 63
3-3-1 實驗藥品 63
3-3-2 實驗儀器與設備 64
3-4實驗儀器分析原理與量測 64
3-4-1原子吸收光譜儀 64
3-4-2傅氏轉換紅外線光譜儀 66
3-4-3比表面積分析儀 66
第四章 結果與討論 74
4-1 茶葉廢渣吸附水溶液中鎵離子之研究 74
4-1-1 茶葉廢渣之基本性質分析 74
4-1-2 吸附劑量對鎵離子吸附效率與容積之探討 75
4-1-3 鎵離子起始濃度對吸附效率與容積之探討 76
4-1-4 溫度對鎵離子吸附效率與容積之探討 76
4-1-5 溶液pH值對鎵離子吸附效率之影響 77
4-1-6 吸附熱力學之探討 78
4-1-7 等溫吸附模式之探討 79
4-1-8 吸附動力學之探討 79
4-2 茶葉廢渣吸附水溶液中銦離子之研究 80
4-2-1溶液pH值對銦離子吸附效率之影響 80
4-2-2 吸附劑量對銦離子吸附效率與容積之探討 81
4-2-3銦離子起始濃度對吸附效率與容積之探討 82
4-2-4溫度對銦離子吸附效率與容積之探討 82
4-2-5 吸附熱力學之探討 83
4-2-6 等溫吸附模式之探討 83
4-2-7 吸附動力學之探討 84
4-3 定電流之電混凝程序處理水溶液中銦離子之研究 84
4-3-1 電流密度與電能消耗對銦離子去除效率之影響 84
4-3-2 電解質濃度與電能消耗對銦離子去除效率之影響 86
4-3-3 起始濃度對銦離子去除效率之影響 87
4-3-4 溫度與電能消耗對銦離子去除效率之影響 88
4-3-5 溶液pH值對電混凝程序之影響 89
4-3-6 等溫吸附模式之探討 90
第五章 結論 108
5-1 研究總結 108
5-1茶葉廢渣吸附水溶液中鎵離子之探討 108
5-2茶葉廢渣吸附水溶液中銦離子之探討 109
5-3定電流之電混凝程序處理水溶液中銦離子之探討 110
參考文獻 112
附 錄 128

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