臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究利用電化學陰極共沉積方法製備高性能之奈米結構鈷鎳氫氧化物複合電極，在不同濃度比例的硝酸鈷與硫酸鎳電解液，以- 0.8 V電位進行共沉積反應，電極經150℃，0.5 hr後，可得到不同組成形態的鈷鎳氫氧化物電極。分別以XRD (X-ray diffraction)、SEM (scanning electron microscope)及EDS (energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer)來分析電極材料的晶格結構、表面形態及化學組成。電極在1 M KOH電解液中以循環伏安法與恆電流充放電來探討其電化學特性。
經由SEM圖形發現，以Co:Ni比為20:80的電解液沉積時，所獲得的電極有緻密的奈米網狀結構，且隨著Co比例的增加，其奈米片狀結構愈明顯。由XRD分析結果得知，當煆燒溫度在150 ℃時，分別有α-Ni(OH)2和α-Co(OH)2兩相共存。EDS的分析資料中可看出，鈷鎳氫氧化物複合電極的鈷/鎳比與電鍍液中的鈷/鎳比相近。
在電化學測試方面，鈷鎳氫氧化物複合電極在鈷:鎳比為20:80時，所測試的電容值為最高1510 F g-1，這是因為Ni(OH)2有較多的奈米網狀結構，亦即有較大的比表面積所致，但其循環壽命於3000次充放電後衰退近30％。容量衰退的現象隨著電極中Co的含量增加而改善。

This study used a cathodic electrodeposition method to deposit cobalt/nickel hydroxide composite electrodes with various nanostructures for high-performance electrochemical capacitors. The cobalt/nickel hydroxide electrodes were deposited directly onto the stainless steel foils at a potential of -0.8 V vs. SCE (saturated calomel electrode) in electrolytes with various Co:Ni ratios. Electrodes with various compositions and morphologies were obtained after annealing at 150 C for 0.5 h. The crystal structure, surface morphology, and chemical composition of deposited materials were characterized using XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscope), and EDS (energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer), respectively. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge were used to investigate the electrochemical performance of the deposited electrodes in 1 M KOH electrolyte.
SEM micrographs showed that when the cobalt content in electrolyte exceeds 20%, the deposited cobalt/nickel hydroxide has interconnected nanoflakes. XRD pattern revealed that at a calcination temperature of 150 C, the composite exhibit the coexistence of α-Ni(OH)2 and α-Co(OH)2 phases . Furthermore, EDS analysis demonstrated that the Co:Ni ratio in the composite electrode is similar to that in the plating solution.
The cobalt/nickel hydroxide electrode with a Co:Ni ratio of 20:80 showed the highest capacitance value of about 1510 Fg-1 due to the interconnected nanoflakes which can provide a large surface area for electrolyte access. However, its capacitance decreased to about 30% of its initial capacitance after 3000 cycling tests. The capacitance loss of the composite electrode during cycling test could be mitigated by increasing the cobalt content in the composite electrode.

總 目 錄

中文摘要………………………………………………………………………………I
英文摘要………………………………………………………………………………II
致謝…………………………………………………………………………………III
總目錄…………………………………………………………………………………IV
表目錄…………………………………………………………………………………VII
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………………………VIII
第 一 章 緒論………………………………………………………………………1
1-1研究緣起與目的………………………………………………………………1
1-2研究架構………………………………………………………………………3
第 二 章 文獻回顧…………………………………………………………………4
2-1儲能元件概述………………………………………………………………………………4
2-2電化學電容器…………………………………………………………………9
2-2-1電化學電容器之儲能原理與機制…………………………………………9
2-2-2電化學電容器的分類與介紹………………………………………………11
2-2-3電化學電容器的電極材料…………………………………………………14
2-2-4電化學電容器電解液的種類………………………………………………21
2-2-5電化學電容器的測試方法…………………………………………………22
2-2-6影響電化學電容器特性的因素……………………………………………24
2-2-7電化學電容器金屬氧化物電極的製備……………………………………26
第 三 章 實驗方法與步驟…………………………………………………………29
3-1不銹鋼(Stainless steel)基材前處理……………………………………………29
3-2電鍍液的配製…………………………………………………………………31
3-3電化學共沉積鈷-鎳氫氧化物複合電極_陰極定電壓沉積法………………32
3-4鈷-鎳氫氧化物複合電極熱處理……………………………………………33
3-5鈷-鎳氫氧化物複合電極材料基本物性分析………………………………33
3-6電化學特性分析………………………………………………………………33
3-7實驗藥品與材料………………………………………………………………37
3-8電化學分析儀…………………………………………………………………39
3-9實驗檢測儀器…………………………………………………………………40
第 四 章 結果與討論………………………………………………………………42
4-1 EDS(Energy Dispersive Spectrometer)分析…………………………………42
4-2熱處理溫度對鈷-鎳氫氧化物複合電極之XRD結構分析…………………46
4-3鈷-鎳氫氧化物複合電極之表面結構(SEM)分析……………………………48
4-4電化學特性分析與探討………………………………………………………51
4-4-1循環伏安法(Cyclic voltammetry)測試……………………………………51
4-4-2充放電(Galvanostatic charge/discharge)測試……………………………54
4-4-3循環壽命(Cycle life)測試…………………………………………………58
第 五 章 結論………………………………………………………………………61
5-1材料特性分析…………………………………………………………………61
5-2電化學測試分析………………………………………………………………62
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………63
自傳…………………………………………………………………………………68

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